- Onychopoda
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Onychopoda 
Evadne spinifera Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Crustacea Class: Branchiopoda Order: Cladocera Suborder: Onychopoda
Sars, 1865 [1]Families Cercopagididae Mordukhai-Boltovskoi, 1968
Podonidae Mordukhai-Boltovskoi, 1968
Polyphemidae Baird, 1845Onychopoda are a specialised suborder of branchiopod crustaceans, belonging to the order Cladocera.
The suborder Onychopoda is "one of the most morphologically distinctive groups of cladocerans".[2] They have only four pairs of legs, compared to five or six pairs in Ctenopoda and Anomopoda.[3] Unusually among branchiopod crustaceans, Onychopoda share with Haplopoda the presence of segmented appendages, which are used for grasping prey.[4]
Most species of Onychopoda live in the waters of the Ponto-Caspian basin (Caspian Sea, Aral Sea, Black Sea including Sea of Azov), in remnants of the ancient Paratethys ocean.[5] Some other species live in fresh water or in the oceans, where they can be widespread.[5]
There are three families, containing 10 genera and around 33 described species, most of which are endemic to the Ponto-Caspian basin:[2]
- Cercopagididae Mordukhai-Boltovskoi, 1968 – 2 genera (Cercopagis and Bythotrephes), 14 species; Black Sea & Caspian Sea
- Podonidae Mordukhai-Boltovskoi, 1968 – 7 genera, 17 species; Pont-Caspian (Caspievadne, Cornigerius and Podonevadne) and marine (Evadne, Pleopis, Podon and Pseudevadne)
- Polyphemidae Baird, 1845 – 1 genus (Polyphemus), 2 species; fresh water
The embryos are protected by a brood pouch, which also secretes nutrients to aid their development. This may be related to the colonisation of the oceans, since the only other marine cladoceran, Penilia avirostris, has a similar pouch as a result of convergent evolution.[2]
See also
- Bythotrephes longimanus
- Cercopagis pengoi
References
- ^ J. W. Martin & G. E. Davis (2001) (PDF). An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. pp. 1–132. http://atiniui.nhm.org/pdfs/3839/3839.pdf.
- ^ a b c M. E. A. Cristescu & P. D. N. Hebert (2002). "Phylogeny and adaptive radiation in the Onychopoda (Crustacea, Cladocera): evidence from multiple gene sequences" (PDF). Journal of Evolutionary Biology 15 (5): 838–849. doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00466.x. http://www.bioinfo.uqam.ca/bif7001/articles/BIF7001-Phylo-JEB15.pdf.
- ^ D. R. Khanna (2004). "Segmentation in arthropods". Biology of Arthropoda. Discovery Publishing House. pp. 316–394. ISBN 9788171418978. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Hd4OEDo4gbwC&pg=PA351.
- ^ G. Fryer (1998). "A defence of arthropod polyphyly". In Richard A. Fortey & Richard H. Thomas. Arthropod Relationships. Volume 55 of Systematics Association Series. Springer. pp. 23–34. ISBN 9780412754203. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Pj-q9eHyIx0C&pg=PA26.
- ^ a b Stefan Richter, Anke Braband, Nikolai Aladin & Gerhard Scholtz (2001). "The phylogenetic relationships of "predatory water-fleas" (Cladocera: Onychopoda, Haplopoda) inferred from 12S rDNA". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 19 (1): 105–113. doi:10.1006/mpev.2000.0901. PMID 11286495.
External links
- Podon sp. fact sheet - Guide to the marine zooplankton of south eastern Australia
- Evadne sp. fact sheet - Guide to the marine zooplankton of south eastern Australia
Families of Class Branchiopoda Kingdom Animalia · Phylum Arthropoda · Subphylum Crustacea Anostraca Artemiidae · Branchinectidae · Branchipodidae · Chirocephalidae · Parartemiidae · Streptocephalidae · Tanymastigidae · Thamnocephalidae
Notostraca Laevicaudata LynceidaeSpinicaudata Cyzicidae · Leptestheriidae · LimnadiidaeCyclestherida CyclestheriidaeCladocera Ctenopoda (Holopediidae · Pseudopenilidae · Sididae) · Anomopoda (Bosminidae · Chydoridae · Daphniidae · Ilyocryptidae · Macrotrichidae · Moinidae) · Onychopoda (Cercopagididae · Podonidae · Polyphemidae) · Haplopoda (Leptodoridae)Categories:
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