- Small Heath (butterfly)
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Small Heath 
Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Lepidoptera Family: Nymphalidae Genus: Coenonympha Species: C. pamphilus Binomial name Coenonympha pamphilus
(Linnaeus, 1758)The Small Heath Coenonympha pamphilus is a butterfly species belonging to the family Nymphalidae, (subfamily Satyrinae, commonly known as "the Browns"). It is widespread in Eurasia and northwestern Africa, preferring drier habitats than other Coenonymphae. The larval host plants are grasses, notably Sheep's Fescue and rough meadow grass Poa trivialis.
The butterfly loosely resembles a small Meadow Brown, but the brown colour of the wings appears noticeably paler in flight. Unlike the Meadow Brown and other common members of Satyrinae, the Small Heath is a lateral basker, only ever resting with its wings closed and angled at 90° to the sun.
The larvae have lifespans of varying length, even within the same climate, thus the imagines of one generation may be seen over a long period. The butterfly usually has two, occasionally three, broods and is on the wing from mid May until early October (late June to mid August in colder climates). The insect overwinters in its larval stage.
The Small Heath, like its cousin the Wall Brown, has been in serious decline across much of southern England for reasons unclear, and was accordingly designated as a UK BAP Priority Species (research only) by DEFRA in 2007.
Subspecies[1]
- C. p. lyllus (Esper, 1806)
- C. p. marginata Heyne, [1894]
- C. p. fulvolactea Verity (1926)
- C. p. centralasiae Verity (1926)
- C. p. infrarasa Verity (1926)
- C. p. juldusica Verity (1926)
- C. p. ferghana Stauder (1924)
- C. p. nitidissima Verity (1924)
- C. p. asiaemontium Verity (1924)
- C. p. rhoumensis Harrison (1948)[2]
References
- ^ http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/nymphalidae/satyrinae/coenonympha/index.html
- ^ Brakefield, P.M.; Emmet, A.M. (1990), COENONYMPHA PAMPHILUS (Linnaeus). Pages 277–279 in Emmet, A.M., J. Heath et al. (Eds.) The Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland Vol. 7 Part 1 (Hesperiidae to Nymphalidae), Harley Books, Colchester, UK. 370p.
External links
- Butterfly Conservation species page
- Images of Small Heath
- Small Heath, Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa
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