- Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
Infobox award
name = Gold Medal
current_awards =
imagesize =
caption = The Gold Medal award of Asaph Hall
description = for achievements ingeophysics ,solar physics ,solar-terrestrial physics ,planetary sciences ,astronomy ,cosmology ,astroparticle physics , andcosmochemistry
presenter =Royal Astronomical Society
country = UK
year = 1824
website = http://www.ras.org.uk/The Gold Medal is the highest award of theRoyal Astronomical Society .History
In the early years, more than one medal was often awarded in a year, but by 1833 only one medal was being awarded per year. This caused a problem when Neptune was discovered in 1846, because many felt an award should jointly be made to
John Couch Adams andUrbain Le Verrier . A controversy arose and no award was made in 1847.The controversy was resolved by giving 12 "testimonial" awards in 1848 to various people including Adams and Le Verrier, and in 1849 awards resumed, with a limit of one per year. Adams and Le Verrier did not get their gold medals until 1866 and 1868, respectively. Adams, as President, presented Le Verrier with the medal.
The practice of awarding one medal a year continued until 1963, although two medals were awarded in both 1867 and 1886 and in a few years no award was made. Since 1964 there have been two awards in most years, one for astronomy and one for
geophysics . -Gold Medal laureates
* 1824
Charles Babbage ,Johann Franz Encke
* 1826John Herschel ,James South , Wilhelm Struve
* 1827Francis Baily
* 1828Thomas Makdougall Brisbane ,James Dunlop ,Caroline Herschel
* 1829William Pearson ,Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel ,Heinrich Christian Schumacher
* 1830 William Richardson,Johann Franz Encke
* 1831Henry Kater ,Marie-Charles Damoiseau
* 1833George Biddell Airy
* 1835Manuel J. Johnson
* 1836John Herschel
* 1837Otto A. Rosenberger
* 1839 John Wrottesley
* 1840Giovanni Plana
* 1841Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel
* 1842Peter Andreas Hansen
* 1843Francis Baily
* 1845William Henry Smyth
* 1846George Biddell Airy
* 1849William Lassell
* 1850Otto Wilhelm Struve
* 1851Annibale de Gasparis
* 1852Christian August Friedrich Peters
* 1853John Russell Hind
* 1854Charles Rümker
* 1855William Rutter Dawes
* 1856 Robert Grant
* 1857Heinrich Schwabe
* 1858Robert Main
* 1859Richard Christopher Carrington
* 1860Peter Andreas Hansen
* 1861Hermann Goldschmidt
* 1862Warren de la Rue
* 1863Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander
* 1865George Phillips Bond
* 1866John Couch Adams
* 1867William Huggins ,William Allen Miller
* 1868Urbain Le Verrier
* 1869Edward James Stone
* 1870Charles-Eugène Delaunay
* 1872Giovanni Schiaparelli
* 1874Simon Newcomb
* 1875Heinrich d'Arrest
* 1876Urbain Le Verrier
* 1878Ercole Dembowski
* 1879Asaph Hall
* 1881Axel Möller
* 1882David Gill
* 1883Benjamin A. Gould
* 1884Andrew Ainslie Common
* 1885William Huggins
* 1886Edward Charles Pickering ,Charles Pritchard
* 1887George William Hill
* 1888Arthur Auwers
* 1889Maurice Loewy
* 1892George Howard Darwin
* 1893Hermann Carl Vogel
* 1894S. W. Burnham
* 1895Isaac Roberts
* 1896Seth Carlo Chandler
* 1897Edward Emerson Barnard
* 1898William Frederick Denning
* 1899Frank McClean
* 1900Henri Poincaré
* 1901Edward Charles Pickering
* 1902Jacobus Kapteyn
* 1903Hermann Struve
* 1904George Ellery Hale
* 1905Lewis Boss
* 1906William Wallace Campbell
* 1907Ernest William Brown
* 1908David Gill
* 1909Oskar Backlund
* 1910Friedrich Küstner
* 1911Philip Herbert Cowell
* 1912Arthur Robert Hinks
* 1913Henri-Alexandre Deslandres
* 1914Max Wolf
* 1915Alfred Fowler
* 1916 John L. E. Dreyer
* 1917Walter Sydney Adams
* 1918John Evershed
* 1919Guillaume Bigourdan
* 1921Henry Norris Russell
* 1922 James Hopwood Jeans
* 1923 Albert A. Michelson
* 1924Arthur Eddington
* 1925Frank Watson Dyson
* 1926Albert Einstein
* 1927Frank Schlesinger
* 1928Ralph Allen Sampson
* 1929Ejnar Hertzsprung
* 1930John Stanley Plaskett
* 1931Willem de Sitter
* 1932Robert Grant Aitken
* 1933Vesto Slipher
* 1934Harlow Shapley
* 1935E. Arthur Milne
* 1936Hisashi Kimura
* 1937Harold Jeffreys
* 1938William Hammond Wright
* 1939Bernard Lyot
* 1940Edwin Hubble
* 1943Harold Spencer Jones
* 1944Otto Struve
* 1945Bengt Edlén
* 1946Jan Oort
* 1947Marcel Minnaert
* 1948Bertil Lindblad
* 1949 Sydney Chapman
* 1950Joel Stebbins
* 1951Anton Pannekoek
* 1952 John Jackson
* 1953Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
* 1954Walter Baade
* 1955Dirk Brouwer
* 1956Thomas George Cowling
* 1957Albrecht Unsöld
* 1958André Danjon
* 1959Raymond Arthur Lyttleton
* 1960Viktor Ambartsumian
* 1961Herman Zanstra
* 1962Bengt Strömgren
* 1963H. H. Plaskett
* 1964Martin Ryle ,Maurice Ewing
* 1965Edward Bullard ,Gerald Maurice Clemence
* 1966Ira S. Bowen ,Harold C. Urey
* 1967Hannes Alfven ,Allan Sandage
* 1968Walter Munk
* 1969A. T. Price ,Martin Schwarzschild
* 1970Horace W. Babcock
* 1971Frank Press ,Richard van der Riet Woolley
* 1972H. I. S. Thirlaway ,Fritz Zwicky
* 1973 Francis Birch,Edwin Salpeter
* 1974Ludwig Biermann , K. E. Bullen
* 1975Jesse Greenstein ,Ernst Öpik
* 1976William H. McCrea ,J. A. Ratcliffe
* 1977 David R. Bates,John G. Bolton
* 1978Lyman Spitzer ,James Van Allen
* 1979Leon Knopoff ,C. G. Wynne
* 1980C. L. Pekeris ,Maarten Schmidt
* 1981J. F. Gilbert ,Bernard Lovell
* 1982Riccardo Giacconi ,Harrie Massey
* 1983M. J. Seaton ,Fred Whipple
* 1984S. K. Runcorn ,Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich
* 1985Thomas Gold ,Stephen Hawking
* 1986G. E. Backus ,Alexander Dalgarno
* 1987Takesi Nagata ,Martin Rees
* 1988Don L. Anderson ,C. de Jager
* 1989R. Hide ,Ken Pounds
* 1990J. W. Dungey ,B. E. J. Pagel
* 1991Vitaly Ginzburg ,G. J. Wasserburg
* 1992 Dan P. McKenzie,Eugene N. Parker
* 1993Peter Goldreich ,Donald Lynden-Bell
* 1994James E. Gunn ,T. R. Kaiser
* 1995John T. Houghton ,Rashid Sunyaev
* 1996K. Creer ,Vera Rubin
* 1997D. Farley ,Donald Osterbrock
* 1998R. L. Parker , James Peebles
* 1999K. Budden ,Bohdan Paczynski
* 2000L. Lucy ,R. Hutchinson
* 2001Hermann Bondi ,H. Rishbeth
* 2002Leon Mestel ,J. A. Jacobs
* 2003John Bahcall ,D. Gubbins
* 2004Jeremiah P. Ostriker ,Grenville Turner
* 2005Margaret Burbidge ,Geoffrey Burbidge ,Carole Jordan
* 2006Simon White ,S. W. H. Cowley
* 2007J. L. Culhane ,Nigel O. Weiss
* 2008Joseph Silk ,B. Kennett Ancillary awards
ilver medal
On two occasions, silver medals were also awarded, but this was soon discontinued.
* 1824
Charles Rümker ,Jean-Louis Pons
* 1827William Samuel Stratford ,Mark Beaufoy Testimonial medal of 1848
*
George Biddell Airy
*John Couch Adams
*Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander
*George Bishop
*George Everest
*John Herschel
*Peter Andreas Hansen
*Karl Ludwig Hencke
*John Russell Hind
*Urbain Le Verrier
*John William Lubbock
*Maxmilian Weisse ee also
*
Royal Astronomical Society External links
* [http://www.ras.org.uk/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=268 List of recipients]
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