CD80

PBB|geneid=941The protein CD80 (Cluster of Differentiation 80) is a molecule found on activated B cells and monocytes which provides a costimulatory signal necessary for T cell activation and survival. It is also known as B7.1.

Its principal mode of action is by binding to CD28. Along with CD86, these molecules provide the necessary stimuli to prime T cells against antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells. CD80 and CD86 also bind to CTLA-4, a cell surface molecule expressed on activated T cells. Interactions between CD80 or CD86 with CTLA-4 decrease the response of T cells.

Mouse research by scientists at Emory University showed that estrogen-related bone loss is linked to recently discovered pathways involving various proteins, such as CD80 and other functions. In a nutshell, reactive oxygen stimulates dendritic cells, which activate other immune cells to up-regulate production of CD80, the molecule co-responsible for T cell activation. "When this pathway is activated, it leads to increased T cell TNF production and ultimately to bone loss." [cite journal |author=Grassi F, Tell G, Robbie-Ryan M, "et al" |title=Oxidative stress causes bone loss in estrogen-deficient mice through enhanced bone marrow dendritic cell activation |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=104 |issue=38 |pages=15087–92 |year=2007 |month=September |pmid=17848519 |pmc=1986617 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0703610104 |laysummary=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/09/070910172720.htm |laysource=ScienceDaily |laydate=2007-09-12]

In turn, T cells produce a protein, Tumor Necrosis Factor, which increases the formation of osteoclasts in rodents and humans. Osteoclasts cause minerals to be released from the bone, so that calcium is taken into the bloodstream to be used for other functions of the body. Osteoclast differentiation is inhibited by osteoprotegerin; Estrogen stimulates osteoprotegerin production.

ee also

* Cluster of differentiation

References

Further reading

*cite journal |author=Weitzmann MN, Pacifici R |title=Estrogen regulation of immune cell bone interactions |journal=Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. |volume=1068 |issue= |pages=256–74 |year=2006 |pmid=16831927 |doi=10.1196/annals.1346.030PBB_Further_reading
citations =
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*cite journal | author=Chang TT, Kuchroo VK, Sharpe AH |title=Role of the B7-CD28/CTLA-4 pathway in autoimmune disease. |journal=Curr. Dir. Autoimmun. |volume=5 |issue= |pages= 113–30 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11826754 |doi=10.1159/000060550
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*cite journal | author=Lanier LL, O'Fallon S, Somoza C, "et al." |title=CD80 (B7) and CD86 (B70) provide similar costimulatory signals for T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and generation of CTL. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=154 |issue= 1 |pages= 97–105 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7527824 |doi=
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*cite journal | author=Peach RJ, Bajorath J, Naemura J, "et al." |title=Both extracellular immunoglobin-like domains of CD80 contain residues critical for binding T cell surface receptors CTLA-4 and CD28. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 36 |pages= 21181–7 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7545666 |doi=10.1074/jbc.270.36.21181
*cite journal | author=Tuosto L, Piazza C, Moretti S, "et al." |title=Ligation of either CD2 or CD28 rescues CD4+ T cells from HIV-gp120-induced apoptosis. |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=25 |issue= 10 |pages= 2917–22 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7589092 |doi=10.1002/eji.1830251031
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*cite journal | author=Weiskirchen R, Bister K |title=Suppression in transformed avian fibroblasts of a gene (crp) encoding a cysteine-rich protein containing LIM domains. |journal=Oncogene |volume=8 |issue= 9 |pages= 2317–24 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8361751 |doi=
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*cite journal | author=Olivares EG, Montes MJ, Oliver C, "et al." |title=Cultured human decidual stromal cells express B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) and stimulate allogeneic T cells. |journal=Biol. Reprod. |volume=57 |issue= 3 |pages= 609–15 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9282998 |doi=10.1095/biolreprod57.3.609
*cite journal | author=Weiskirchen R, Erdel M, Utermann G, Bister K |title=Cloning, structural analysis, and chromosomal localization of the human CSRP2 gene encoding the LIM domain protein CRP2. |journal=Genomics |volume=44 |issue= 1 |pages= 83–93 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9286703 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1997.4855

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