Fontanelle cemetery

The Fontanelle cemetery in Naples is a charnel house, an ossuary, located in a cave in the tuff hillside in the Materdei section of the city. It is the source of a fascinating chapter in the folklore of the city. By the time the Spanish moved into the city in the early 1500s, there was already concern over where to locate cemeteries, and moves had been taken to locate graves outside of the city walls. Many Neapolitans, however, insisted on being interred in their local churches. To make space in the churches for the newly interred, undertakers started removing earlier remains outside the city to the cave, the future Fontanelle cemetery. The remains were interred shallowly and then joined in 1656 by thousands of anonymous corpses, victims of the great plague of that year.

Sometime in the late 1600s—according to Andrea De Jorio [ Cited in Puntillo] , a Neapolitan scholar from the 19th century, great floods washed the remains out and into the streets, presenting a grisly spectacle. The anonymous remains were returned to the cave, at which point the cave became the unofficial final resting place for the indigent of the city in the succeeding years—a vast paupers' cemetery. It was codified officially as such in the early 1800s under the French rule of Naples. The last great "deposit" of the indigent dead seems to have been in the wake of the cholera epidemic of 1837.

Then, in 1872, Father Gaetano Barbati had the chaotically buried skeletal remains disinterred and catalogued. They remained on the surface, stored in makeshift crypts, in boxes and on wooden racks. A spontaneous cult of devotion to the remains of these unnamed dead developed in Naples. Defenders of the cult pointed out that they were paying respect to those who had had none in life, who had been too poor even to have a proper burial. Devotees paid visits to the skulls, cleaned them—"adopted" them, in a way, even giving the skulls back their "living" names (revealed to their caretakers in dreams). An entire cult sprang up, devoted to caring for the skulls, talking to them, asking for favors, bringing them flowers, etc. A small church, "Maria Santissima del Carmine", was built at the entrance.

The cult of devotion to the skulls of the Fontanelle cemetery lasted into the mid-20th century. In 1969, Cardinal Ursi of Naples decided that such devotion had degenerated into fetishism and ordered the cemetery to be closed. It has recently undergone restoration as a historical site and may be visited.

References

*cite book
last = Liccardo
first = Giovanni
title = Guida insolita ai misteri, ai segreti, alle legende e alle curiosità di Napoli sotterranea
pages= 195-96
date = 2000
publisher = Newton & Compton
place = Rome
id = ISBN 8882894053

*cite book
last = Puntillo
first = Eleonora
title = Grotte e Caverne di Napoli
pages= 36-37
date = 1994
publisher = Newton tascabile
place = Rome
id = ISBN 8879836455

*cite book
last = Regina
first = Vincenzo
title = Napoli antica
pages= 31
date = 1994
publisher = Newton & Compton
place = Rome
id = ISBN 8879836471

Notes

External links

* [http://www.napoliunderground.org/foto-varie/Fontanelle14-05-06/index.php Napoli Underground]
* [http://faculty.ed.umuc.edu/~jmatthew/naples/Fontanella.htm Around Naples Encyclopedia]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6GpkPzexOJA&mode=related&search= YouTube video of the Fontanelle] from Napoli Underground