106th Guards Airborne Division (Russia)

Infobox Military Unit
unit_name=16th Guards Airborne Division (1944)
106th Guards Rifle Division (1944-45)
106th Guards Airborne Division (1945-present)


caption=106th Guards Airborne Division shoulder insignia
country=Soviet Union, Russian Federation
allegiance=
type=Division
branch=Soviet Army, Russian Army
dates=January 1944 – present
specialization=Airborne force
command_structure=
size=
current_commander=Andrey Serdyukov
garrison=Tula
ceremonial_chief=
nickname=Tula Division
motto=
colors=
march=
mascot=
battles= World War II
Soviet-Afghan War
First Chechen War
Second Chechen War
notable_commanders=Alexander Lebed
anniversaries=The 106th Guards "Tula" Red Banner Twice Order of Kutuzov Airborne Division, more generally referred to as the Tula Division, is one of the four airborne divisions - along with the 7th "Cherkassk", 76th "Pskov" and 98th "Svirsk" Guards - that make up the bulk of the Russian airborne forces, the VDV (Russian: Воздушно-десантные войска, "Vozdushno-desantnye voyska"). Based in the city of Tula, to the south of Moscow, it is located within the Moscow Military District but does not fall within any of its command structures, as the VDV constitutes a separate branch ("Rod") of the Russian armed forces (roughly comparable, for example, to the United States Marine Corps). As of 2005, its commanding officer is Major-General Andrey Serdyukov.

History 1944-1991

The Division was founded in January 1944 as the 16th Guards Airborne Division, and from then until the end of the Second World War fought in Hungary, Austria and Czechoslovakia (including in Prague), mostly with 38th Guards Rifle Corps of 9th Guards Army. It became the 106th Guards Rifle Division in December 1944, as all the original VDV divisions and brigades were being reconstituted as Guards Rifle formations. The Division's apparent honorifics are 'Red Banner, Order of Kutuzov', (Feskov et al 2004, p.74) though an early Western writer reported them as 'Dneipr-Transbaikal' at one point in its history. [Mark L. Urban, Soviet Land Power, 1985]

As the attention of the Soviet leadership began to shift towards their ability to project force overseas, the need for a rapidly deployable force to spearhead large-scale operations became apparent and the VDV was once again built up as such an air assault force. The Tula Division, from that point until the present day, was to be one of the most frequently-used elements of it. Two of its regiments took part in the Soviet war in Afghanistan. As nationalist unrest grew in the southern republics of the USSR throughout the end of the 1980s, the division was deployed to Baku, Azerbaijan, in 1988 and to Fergana, Uzbekistan, in 1990. Throughout this time the division was commanded by General Alexander Lebed.

In 1991, an attempted coup against the Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev took place in Moscow. As the coup faltered, and the plotters lost the initiative while support for Boris Yeltsin, the President of the Russian SFSR, grew, the plotters called in reinforcements from the Tula Division, in the form of a battalion from the 137th Parachute Landing Regiment. When they arrived, Lebed stated that he had orders to secure the Parliament building, where Yeltsin's supporters were barricaded. He did not, however, give the order for his men, equipped with BMD armoured vehicles, to launch an attack. This may have been because at that point in the coup, the Tamanskaya Division was in the process of switching its own allegiance from the plotters to the parliamentarians, but whatever Lebed's rationale, the episode helped to boost his own public profile immensely. Following the failure of the coup and the collapse of the Soviet Union, in 1992, he was appointed commander of the Russian 14th Army in Moldova.

History since 1991

In 1994, the Russian Army was ordered into the breakaway southern republic of Chechnya by Yeltsin, then President of the Russian Federation, after the refusal of the separatist government to surrender to Moscow's authority, beginning the First Chechen War. Battalions of the Tula Division were attached to 'Group West' (the western element of the three-pronged invasion of Chechnya). They took part, in December that year, in the first Battle of Grozny, helping to capture the city's central railway station, which had proved to be one of the most difficult and costly strategic points in Grozny for the Russians to capture.

In March 1995, the battalions were transferred to the command of 'Group North' and continued fighting, notably around Argun. In May, they withdrew from Chechnya. The division's losses in the first war are unclear: 36 of its soldiers have been confirmed killed in action, but the number missing in action is around 200.

The Second Chechen War began in 1999. With Moscow determined to avoid a repeat of the quagmire that the first war had become, the Russian force committed in 1999 was larger, better equipped and better organised. The Tula Division's contribution to that force was the 51st and 119th Parachute Landing Regiments. Its losses in this war were still considerable but less than in the first: 67 of its soldiers were reported either killed or missing in action. For its actions in the second campaign, the Tula Division was awarded the MoD Pennant.

In 2001, after the September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States, paratroopers from the division were sent to Afghanistan to evacuate the staff of the Russian embassy in Kabul, so as to ensure their safety in the face of the American military campaign in support of the Northern Alliance's advance towards the city.

On 26 April 2004, the Tula Division celebrated its 60th anniversary.

Subordinate units and fighting strength

Modern Russian airborne divisions are considerably smaller formations, in manpower terms, than their American counterparts (the 82nd Airborne and 101st Air Assault); typically, they number around over 5,000 men. The Tula Division was until 2005 the exception to this rule, numbering over 7,000 men. The reason for this was that it included 3 Parachute Landing Regiments, whereas the other 3 VDV divisions had only two such regiments. In 2005, however, the 119th Parachute Landing Regiment was disbanded and the division was thus bought essentially into line with the other 3 divisions. As of 2006, the subordinate units of the division are as follows:

*51st Parachute Landing Regiment, Tula
*137th Parachute Landing Regiment, Ryazan
*1182nd Artillery Regiment, Efremov
*107th Independent Air Defence Regiment, Donskoy
*322nd Independent Engineer Battalion, Tula
*731st Independent Communications Battalion, Tula
*43rd Independent Repair Battalion, Tula
*110th Independent Transport Squadron, Tula

Commanding officers, 1943-2006

*Major-General Aleksandr Fyodorovich Kazankin (1943-1944)
*Major-General Ivan Nikolayevich Vindushev (1944-1946)
*Major-General Ivan Nikitich Konev (1946-1947)
*Major-General Afanasiy Romanovich Kopichko (1947-1949)
*Colonel Aleksandr Dimitriyevich Yepanshin (1949-1951)
*Major-General Aleksandr Akimovich Gerasimov (1951-1955)
*Major-General Aleksandr Andreyevich Koreshchenko (1955-1960)
*Major-General Magamet Tankayevich Tankayev (1960-1961)
*Colonel Konstantin Yakovlevich Kurochnik (1961-1964)
*Major-General Yuri Mikhailovich Potapov (1964-1969)
*Major-General Aleksandr Ivanovich Pitkov (1969-1972)
*Major-General Anatoly Mikhailovich Dobrovolsky (1972-1976)
*Major-General Yevgeny Nikolayevich Podkolzin (1976-1980)
*Major-General Gennady Vasilyevich Filatov (1980-1984)
*Major-General Fyodor Ivanovich Serdechny (1984-1988)
*Major-General Aleksandr Ivanovich Lebed (1988-1991)
*Major-General Aleksandr Petrovich Kolmakov (1991-1993; now overall commander of the VDV)
*Major-General Yevgeny Yuryevich Savilov 1993-2004)
*Major-General Andrey Nikolayevich Serdyukov (2004-present day)

See also

*Air assault
*Russian Armed Forces
*Russian Guards
*Soviet coup attempt of 1991
*Alexander Lebed

Sources and references

* [http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=239&linkid=2241 Warfare.ru: Airborne Troops (VDV)]
* [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,157765,00.html "Time": "Postmortem Anatomy of a Coup"]
* [http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/5395.html Johnson's Russia List 5395]
* [http://www.zavdv.com "For VDV" - Russian language website on the VDV]