Dopamine beta hydroxylase

Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (dopamine beta-monooxygenase)
Identifiers
Symbols	DBH; DBM
External IDs	OMIM: 609312 MGI: 94864 HomoloGene: 615 GeneCards: DBH Gene
EC number	1.14.17.1
Gene Ontology Molecular function • catalytic activity • dopamine beta-monooxygenase activity • copper ion binding • L-ascorbic acid binding • metal ion binding Cellular component • extracellular region • membrane fraction • soluble fraction • cytoplasm • membrane • integral to membrane • stored secretory granule • axon • transport vesicle membrane • chromaffin granule lumen • chromaffin granule • chromaffin granule membrane Biological process • cytokine production • blood vessel remodeling • response to amphetamine • leukocyte mediated immunity • synaptic transmission • memory • locomotory behavior • visual learning • cellular process • cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process • regulation of cell proliferation • homoiothermy • dopamine catabolic process • norepinephrine biosynthetic process • hormone biosynthetic process • glucose homeostasis • fear response • maternal behavior • regulation of apoptosis • positive regulation of vasoconstriction • octopamine metabolic process • behavioral response to ethanol • response to pain • leukocyte migration Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	1621	13166
Ensembl	ENSG00000123454	ENSMUSG00000000889
UniProt	P09172	Q3V1U4
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000787.3	NM_138942.3
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000778.3	NP_620392.2
Location (UCSC)	Chr 9: 136.5 – 136.52 Mb	Chr 2: 27.02 – 27.04 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) is an enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine.

• 

  Dopamine

• 

  Norepinephrine. Note extra hydroxyl group.

DBH is a 290 kDa copper-containing oxygenase consisting of four identical subunits, and its activity requires ascorbate as a cofactor.^[1] It is the only enzyme involved in the synthesis of small-molecule neurotransmitters that is membrane-bound, making norepinephrine and epinephrine the only transmitters synthesized inside vesicles. It is expressed in noradrenergic nerve terminals of the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as in chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla.

DBH is inhibited by disulfiram,^[2] tropolone,^[3] and, most selectively, by nepicastat.^[4]

See also

• Hydroxylation
• Dopamine beta hydroxylase deficiency

References

1. ^ Rush RA, Geffen LB (1980). "Dopamine beta-hydroxylase in health and disease.". Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 12 (3): 241–77. doi:10.3109/10408368009108731. PMID 6998654. 
2. ^ Goldstein M, Anagnoste B, Lauber E, McKeregham MR (1964). "Inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase by Disulfiram.". Life Sci 3 (7): 763–7. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(64)90031-1. PMID 14203977. 
3. ^ Goldstein M, Lauber E, McKeregham MR (1964). "Inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase by tropolone and other chelating agents.". Biochem Pharmacol 13 (7): 1103–6. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(64)90109-1. PMID 14201135. 
4. ^ Stanley WC et al. (1997). "Catecholamine modulatory effects of nepicastat (RS-25560-197), a novel, potent and selective inhibitor of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase.". British Journal of Pharmacology 121 (8): 1803–9. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0701315. PMC 1564872. PMID 9283721. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1564872. 

External links

• GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency
• MeSH Dopamine+beta-Hydroxylase

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