Chris Gardner

For the curler, see Chris Gardner (curler).

Chris Gardner
Gardner in September 2011
Born	February 9, 1954 (1954-02-09) (age 57) Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Occupation	Founder & CEO of Gardner Rich & Co

Christopher Paul Gardner (born February 9, 1954 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is an American entrepreneur, investor, stockbroker, motivational speaker, author, and philanthropist who, during the early 1980s, struggled with homelessness while raising his toddler son, Christopher, Jr.^[1] Gardner's book of memoirs, The Pursuit of Happyness, was published in May 2006.^[2]

As of 2006, he is CEO of his own stockbrokerage firm, Gardner Rich & Co, based in Chicago, Illinois, where he resides when he is not living in Toronto. Gardner credits his tenacity and success to the "spiritual genetics" handed down to him by his mother, Bettye Jean Triplett, born Gardner,^[2][3][4] and to the high expectations placed on him by his children, son Chris Jr. (born 1981) and daughter Jacintha (born 1985).^[1] Gardner's personal struggle of establishing himself as a stockbroker while managing fatherhood and homelessness is portrayed in the 2006 motion picture The Pursuit of Happyness, directed by Gabriele Muccino, starring Will Smith.^[4][5]

Early years

Gardner was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to Thomas Turner and Bettye Jean Gardner. He was the second child born to Bettye Jean, his older half-sister is Ophelia from a previous union; and younger siblings are Sharon and Kimberly, children from his mother's marriage to Freddie Triplett.

Gardner did not have many positive male role models as a child, as his father was living in Louisiana during his birth, and his stepfather was physically abusive to his mom and his brothers and sisters. Triplett's rages made Gardner and his sisters constantly afraid.^[3] In one incident, Bettye Jean was falsely imprisoned when Triplett reported her to the authorities for welfare fraud; the children were placed in foster care. When Gardner was eight years old, he and his sisters returned to foster care a second time when their mother, unbeknownst to them, was convicted of trying to kill Triplett by burning down the house while he was inside.^[3][6]

While in foster care, Gardner first became acquainted with his three maternal uncles: Archibald, Willie and Henry. Of the three, Henry had the most profound influence on him, entering Gardner's world at a time when he most needed a father figure. However, Henry drowned in the Mississippi River when Chris was nine years old.^[2] The children learned that their mother had been imprisoned when she arrived at Henry's funeral escorted by a prison guard.^[6]

Despite her unhappy marriage and her periods of absence, Bettye Jean was a source of inspiration and strength to her son Chris. She encouraged Gardner to believe in himself and sowed the seeds of self-reliance in him. Gardner quotes her as saying, "You can only depend on yourself. The cavalry ain't coming."^[7] Gardner also determined from his early experiences that alcoholism, domestic abuse, child abuse, illiteracy, fear and powerlessness were all things he wanted to avoid in the future.^[3]

Early adulthood

The late 1960s and early 1970s was a time of political and musical awakening for Gardner. He developed a deep sense of black pride, as he became familiar with the works of Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X and Eldridge Cleaver. His world view expanded beyond the African American experience; he learned of historical events such as the Sharpeville massacre, and as a result became increasingly aware of apartheid in South Africa and international racial issues.^[2] Gardner learned to play the trumpet and he enjoyed listening to music by Sly Stone, Buddy Miles, James Brown and his all-time favorite, Miles Davis.

Inspired by his Uncle Henry's worldwide adventures in the U.S. Navy, Gardner decided to enlist when he finished secondary schooling. He was stationed at Camp Lejeune in North Carolina for four years, where he was assigned as a corpsman. He became acquainted with a decorated San Francisco cardiac surgeon, Dr. Robert Ellis, who offered Gardner a position assisting him with innovative clinical research at the University of California Medical Center and Veterans Administration Hospital in San Francisco, California. Gardner accepted the position, and moved to San Francisco upon his discharge from the Navy in 1974. Over the course of two years, he learned how to manage a laboratory and to perform various surgical techniques. By 1976, he had been given full responsibility for a laboratory and had co-authored several articles with Dr. Ellis that were published in medical journals.^[2]

Marriage and troubles

On June 18, 1977, Chris Gardner married Sherry Dyson, a Virginia native and an educational expert in mathematics. With his knowledge, experience and contacts within the medical field, it appeared Gardner had his medical career plans laid out before him. However, with ten years of medical training ahead of him and with the changes in health care just on the horizon, he realized that the medical profession would be vastly different by the time he could practice medicine. Gardner was advised to consider more lucrative career options; a few days before his 26th birthday, he informed his wife, Sherry, of his plans to abandon his dreams of becoming a doctor.^[2]

His relationship with Sherry was detached, in part because of his decision to abandon a medical career and also due to differences in their behavior. While still living with Sherry, he began an affair with a dental student named Jackie Medina, and she became pregnant with his child only a few months into the affair. After three years of marriage to Sherry, he left her to move in with Jackie and to prepare for fatherhood. Nine years elapsed before he and Sherry were legally divorced in 1986.^[2]

Their son, Christopher Medina Gardner, was born on January 28, 1981. Gardner worked as a research lab assistant at UCSF and at the Veterans' Hospital after leaving the service. His position as a research lab assistant paid only about $8,000 a year which was not enough for him to support a live-in girlfriend and a child. After four years, he quit these jobs and doubled his salary by taking a job as a medical equipment salesman.^[8]

Prompted by his son's inquiries about his own father, Gardner had previously been able to track down his biological father via telephone. With a higher income from his new job, Gardner was able to save enough money to travel to Monroe, Louisiana, where he and his son met Turner for the first time.^[2]

Gardner returned to San Francisco determined to succeed at business. A pivotal moment in his life occurred, after a sales call to a San Francisco General Hospital, when he encountered an impeccably-dressed man in a red Ferrari. Curious, Gardner asked the man about his career. The man told him he was a stock broker and, from that moment on, Gardner's career path was decided.^[7] Eventually, Gardner bought a Ferrari of his own from the famous basketball player, Michael Jordan.^[3] The Illinois license plate of Gardner's black Ferrari reads "NOT MJ".

The stockbroker in the red Ferrari was a man named Bob Bridges. He met with Gardner and gave him an introduction to the world of finance. Bridges organized meetings between Gardner and branch managers at the major stock brokerage firms that offered training programs—such as Merrill Lynch, Paine Webber, E.F. Hutton, Dean Witter Reynolds and Smith Barney. For the following two months, Gardner cancelled or postponed his sales appointments and his car amassed parking tickets while he met with managers.^[2]

It appeared that Gardner got his "break" when he was accepted into a training program at E.F. Hutton. He subsequently quit his sales job so that he could dedicate his time exclusively to training as a stock broker. Then he appeared at the office ready to work, only to discover that his hiring manager had been fired the week before. To make matters worse, Gardner's relationship with Jackie was falling apart. She accused him of beating her—an accusation that Gardner denies to this day—and left him, taking their son with her to the East Coast. He was taken to jail and a judge ordered that he stay there, for ten days, as punishment for being unable to pay $1,200 in parking tickets.^[4]

Gardner returned home from jail to find his apartment empty. His girlfriend and his son, along with all of his possessions (including his suits, shoes and business apparel), had disappeared. With no experience, no college education, virtually no connections, and with the same casual outfit he had been wearing on the day he was taken into custody, Gardner gained a position in Dean Witter Reynolds’ stock brokerage training program. However, with a monthly stipend of $1,000 (which is equal to $2204 in present day value), and no savings, he was unable to meet his living expenses.^[7]

Fatherhood amidst homelessness

Gardner worked to become a top trainee at Dean Witter Reynolds. He arrived at the office early and stayed late each day, persistently making calls to prospective clients with his goal being 200 calls/day. His perseverance paid off when, in 1982, Gardner passed his licensing exam on the first try and became a full employee of the firm. Eventually, Gardner was recruited by Bear Stearns & Company in San Francisco.

About four months after Jackie disappeared with their son, she returned and left him with Gardner. By then, he was able to afford a small rent and was rooming in a flophouse. He willingly accepted sole custody of his child; however, the rooming house where he lived did not allow children. Although he was gainfully employed, Gardner and his son secretly struggled with homelessness while he saved money for a rental house in Berkeley, California.

Meanwhile, none of Gardner's co-workers knew that he and his son were homeless in the Tenderloin District of San Francisco for nearly a year. Gardner often scrambled to place his child in daycare, stood in soup lines and slept wherever he and his son could find safety—in his office after hours, at flophouses, at parks and even in a locked bathroom at a Bay Area Rapid Transit station.^[1]

Concerned for Chris Jr.’s well-being, Gardner asked Reverend Cecil Williams to allow them to stay at the Glide Memorial United Methodist Church’s shelter for homeless women, now known as The Cecil Williams Glide Community House. Williams agreed without hesitation.^[2] Today, when asked what he remembers about being homeless, Christopher Gardner, Jr. recalls "I couldn't tell you that we were homeless, I just knew that we were always having to go. So, if anything, I remember us just moving, always moving."

Career as a stockbroker and entrepreneur

In 1987, Chris Gardner established the brokerage firm, Gardner Rich & Co, in Chicago, Illinois, an "institutional brokerage firm specializing in the execution of debt, equity and derivative products transactions for some of the nation’s largest institutions, public pension plans and unions."^[4] His new company was started in his small Presidential Towers apartment, with start-up capital of $10,000 and a single piece of furniture: a wooden desk that doubled as the family dinner table.^[9] Gardner reportedly owns 75 percent of his stock brokerage firm with the rest owned by a hedge fund.^{[citation needed]} He chose the name "Gardner Rich" for the company because he considers Marc Rich, the commodities trader pardoned by former president Bill Clinton in 2001, "one of the most successful futures traders in the world."^[7]

After Gardner sold his small stake in Gardner Rich in a multi-million dollar deal in 2006, he became CEO and founder of Christopher Gardner International Holdings, with offices in New York, Chicago and San Francisco.^[4] During a visit to South Africa to observe elections around the time of the 10th anniversary of the end of apartheid, Gardner met with Nelson Mandela to discuss possible investment in South African emerging markets as indicated in his 2006 autobiography. Gardner is reportedly developing an investment venture with South Africa that will create hundreds of jobs and introduce millions in foreign currency into the nation. Gardner has declined to disclose details of the project citing securities laws.^[10]

Philanthropic initiatives

Gardner is a philanthropist who sponsors many charitable organizations, primarily the Cara Program and the Glide Memorial United Methodist Church in San Francisco, where he and his son received desperately needed shelter.^[4] He has helped fund a US$50 million project in San Francisco that creates low-income housing and opportunities for employment in the area of the city where he was once homeless.^[1] As well as offering monetary support, Gardner donates clothing and shoes. He makes himself available for permanent job placement assistance, career counselling and comprehensive job training for the homeless population and at-risk communities in Chicago.^[4]

Dedicated to the well-being of children through positive paternal involvement, Gardner serves on the board of the National Fatherhood Initiative (NFI).^[4] He is also a board member of the National Education Foundation and sponsors two annual education awards: the National Education Association's National Educational Support Personnel Award and the American Federation of Teachers' Paraprofessionals and School-Related Personnel Award.^[4]

In 2002, Gardner received the Father of the Year Award from the NFI. Since then, Gardner also had the honor of receiving the 25th Annual Humanitarian Award and the 2006 Friends of Africa Award, presented by the Los Angeles Commission on Assaults Against Women (LACAAW) and by the Continental Africa Chamber of Commerce, respectively.^[4]

In 2008, he spoke at his daughter's graduation from Hampton University.

In popular culture

The Pursuit of Happyness

Gardner speaking in August 2007

Gardner realized his story had Hollywood potential after an overwhelming national response to an interview he did with 20/20 in January 2002.^[11] He published his autobiography on May 23, 2006, before becoming an associate producer of the major motion picture The Pursuit of Happyness, directed by Gabriele Muccino and released by Columbia Pictures on December 15, 2006.^[4] The unusual spelling of the film's title comes from a sign Gardner saw when he was homeless. In the film, "happiness" is misspelled (as "happyness") outside the daycare facility Gardner's son attends.

The movie, starring Will Smith, Thandie Newton and Smith's son Jaden Smith, focused on Gardner's nearly one-year struggle with homelessness. The movie grossed $163 million domestically at the box office and over $300 million worldwide making it one of Will Smith's consecutive $100 million blockbusters. The movie took some liberties with Gardner's true life story. Certain details and events that actually took place over the span of several years were compressed into a relatively short time and although eight-year-old Jaden portrayed Chris Jr. as a five year-old, Gardner's son was just a toddler at the time. Chris Gardner reportedly thought Smith—an actor best known for his performances in action movies—was miscast to play him. However, he said his daughter Jacintha "set him straight" by saying, "If Smith can play Muhammad Ali, he can play you!"^[12] Gardner makes a cameo appearance in the film, walking past Will and Jaden in the final scene. Gardner and Will acknowledge each other; Will then looks back at Gardner walking away as his son proceeds to tell him knock knock jokes.

In the hope Gardner's story would inspire the down-trodden citizens of Chattanooga, Tennessee to achieve financial independence and to take greater responsibility for the welfare of their families, the mayor of Chattanooga organized a viewing of the film for the city's homeless.^[13] Gardner himself felt that it was imperative to share his story for the sake of its widespread social issues. "When I talk about alcoholism in the household, domestic violence, child abuse, illiteracy, and all of those issues—those are universal issues; those are not just confined to ZIP codes," he said.^[1]

Gardner was noticeably absent from the movie's premiere on December 15, 2006. He chose, instead, to be the guest inspirational speaker at a Christmas party for JHT Holdings, Inc., in Kenosha, Wisconsin.^[14]

Other appearances

Gardner was featured in the Canadian documentary Come on Down: Searching for the American Dream (2004),^[15] where he spoke about the American Dream at his office in downtown Chicago. The documentary also featured Bob Barker and Hunter S. Thompson.

Gardner also made a cameo appearance in the 2008 comedy film The Promotion, where he played a community leader.^[16]

See also

Biography portal

• Rags to riches

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} Gandossy, Taylor (January 16, 1222). "From sleeping on the streets to Wall Street". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2006/US/12/15/paycheckaway.gardner/index.html. Retrieved 2010-07-14. 
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Gardner, Chris (2006). The Pursuit of Happyness. Amistad. ISBN 978-0-06-074487-8. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d e} Oprah Winfrey (2006-12-14). The Oprah Winfrey Show (TV Show). Chicago, Il. 
4. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} "Christopher Gardner: The Official Site". http://www.chrisgardnermedia.com/index.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-14. 
5. ^ "The Pursuit of Happyness". Sony. December 2006. http://www.sonypictures.com/homevideo/thepursuitofhappyness/. Retrieved 2010-07-14. 
6. ^ ^{a b} Barber, Andrew (2006-12/2007-1). "Christopher Gardner". aTrader. http://www.atrader.com/manager-profile/22-christopher-gardner. Retrieved 2007-10-20. 
7. ^ ^{a b c d} Yang, Jia Lynn (2006-09-15). "'Happiness' for sale: He's gone from homeless single dad to successful stockbroker.". CNN Money. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2006/09/18/8386184/index.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-14. 
8. ^ Chris Gardner has pursued happiness, from the Glide soup kitchen to the big screen
9. ^ Konkol, Mark J. (2006-12-15). "'Jesus loves me. He only likes you'". Chicago Sun-Times. http://www.suntimes.com/news/metro/174085,CST-NWS-happy15.article. Retrieved 2010-07-14. 
10. ^ Costantinou, Marianne (2005-10-10). "Chris Gardner has pursued happiness, from the Glide soup kitchen to the big screen". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/10/10/DDGVLF4AI81.DTL. Retrieved 2010-07-14. 
11. ^ Zwecker, Bill (2003-07-17). "There’s a Way—and Maybe a Will—for Gardner Story". Chicago Sun-Times: p. Pg. 36. 
12. ^ "Christopher Gardner unimpressed with Will Smith". Newswire (HT Media Ltd.): pp. 102 words. 2006-12-14. 
13. ^ "News briefs from around Tennessee". AP Newswire. 2006-12-15. pp. 788 words. 
14. ^ AP staff (December 24, 2006). "Man Who Inspired B.O. Hit Skips Opening". Associated Press. http://www.breitbart.com/news/2006/12/24/D8M76M1O0.html. Retrieved 2010-07-14. 
15. ^ Manifestation Television Inc
16. ^ Chris Gardner Media - Videos

External links

• Chris Gardner official website
• Biographical article about Chris Gardner
• Chris Gardner Interview
• Gardner Rich Official Website
• Interview with Chris on The Businessmakers Radio Show
• Official Publisher Web Site
• The Pursuit of Happyness Motion Picture Official Website
• [http://arolemodel.com/2011/06/24/chris-gardner-will-smith-in-the-pursuit-of-happyness/ Lessons from the Chris Gardner story

Persondata
Name	Gardner, Chris
Alternative names	Gardner, Christopher Paul; Gardner, Christopher
Short description	Entrepreneur, Brokerage specialist
Date of birth	February 9, 1954
Place of birth	Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.
Date of death
Place of death