Sobekneferu

Sobekneferu
Sobekneferu
Nefrusobek
Skemiophris (in Manetho)

Fragmented statue of Sobekneferu (Louvre Museum)
Pharaoh of Egypt
Reign 1806–1802 BC, 12th Dynasty
Predecessor Amenemhat IV
Successor Sekhemre Khutawy or Wegaf
Father Amenemhat III
Died 1802 BC

Sobekneferu (sometimes written "Neferusobek") was an Egyptian pharaoh of the twelfth dynasty. Her name meant "the beauty of Sobek." She was the daughter of Pharaoh Amenemhat III. Manetho states she also was the sister of Amenemhat IV, but this claim is unproven. Sobekneferu had an older sister named Nefruptah who may have been the intended heir. Neferuptah's name was enclosed in a cartouche and she had her own pyramid at Hawara. Neferuptah died at an early age however.[1]

Sobekneferu is the first known female ruler of Egypt, although Nitocris may have ruled in the Sixth Dynasty, and there are five other women who are believed to have ruled as early as the First Dynasty.[citation needed]

Amenemhat IV most likely died without a male heir, consequently, Amenemhat III's royal daughter Sobekneferu assumed the throne. According to the Turin Canon, she ruled for 3 years, 10 months and 24 days,[2] in the late 19th century BC. She died without heirs and the end of her reign concluded Egypt's brilliant twelfth dynasty and the Golden Age of the Middle Kingdom as it inaugurated the much weaker, thirteenth dynasty.

Contents

Reign

Cylinder seal of Sobekneferu.

Few monuments have been discovered for her, although many of her (headless) statues have been preserved including the base of a representation of a king's royal daughter that was discovered in Gezer and bears her name.[3] It is known that she made additions to the funerary complex of Amenemhat III at Hawara (called a labyrinth by Herodotus) and also built structures at Herakleopolis Magna. A fine cylinder seal bearing her name and royal titulary is today located in the British Museum.[4] A Nile graffito, at the Nubian fortress of Kumma records the Nile inundation height of 1.83 meters in Year 3 of her reign.[5] Her monumental works consistently associate her with Amenemhat III rather than Amenemhat IV, supporting the theory that she was Amenemhat III's royal daughter and was perhaps only a stepsister of Amenemhat IV.[3] The Danish Egyptologist, Kim Ryholt, notes that the contemporary sources from her reign show that Sobekneferu never adopted the title of "Queen or King's sister"--only 'King's Daughter'--which supports this hypothesis.[3]

Her tomb has not been identified positively, although she may have been interred in a pyramid complex in Mazghuna that lacks inscriptions, immediately north of a similar complex ascribed to Amenemhat IV. A place called Sekhem-Neferu is mentioned in a papyrus found at Harageh. This might be the name of her pyramid.

See also

References

  1. ^ Dodson, Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Egypt, 2004, pg 98
  2. ^ Kim Ryholt, The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, Museum Tusculanum Press, (1997), p.15 ISBN 87-7289-421-0
  3. ^ a b c Ryholt, p.213
  4. ^ Gae Callender, 'The Middle Kingdom Renaissance' in Ian Shaw, The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, (Oxford Univ. Press: 2003), paperback, p.159
  5. ^ Gae Callender, p.159

Bibliography

  • Dodson, Aidan. Hilton, Dyan. 2004. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, Thames & Hudson
  • W. Grajetzki, The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt: History,Archaeology and Society, Duckworth, London 2006 ISBN 0-7156-3435-6, 61-63
  • Shaw, Ian. Nicholson, Paul. 1995. The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt. Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers.
  • Shaw, Ian, Ed. 2000. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, Oxford University Press. Graffito ref. pg. 170.

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Sobekneferu — Namen von Nofrusobek Eigenname …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Hatshepsut — Pharaoh Infobox Name=Hatshepsut Caption=Statue of Hatshepsut on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art Reign=1479 ndash;1458 BC Dynasty=18th Dynasty Predecessor=Thutmose II Successor=Thutmose III Prenomen= Maatkare Truth Ma at is the Ka of Re… …   Wikipedia

  • Nefrusobek — Namen von Nofrusobek Eigenname …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Neferusobek — Reina faraón de la Dinastía XII de Egipto Fragmento de estatua de la reina Neferusobek. Louvre Reinado c. 1790 a 1786 a. C Entierro …   Wikipedia Español

  • Amenemhat III — Pharaoh Infobox | Alt=Lamares and Ameres according to Manetho, also Ammenemes Name=Amenemhat III | Caption=Statuette head of Amenemhat III, now in the Louvre NomenHiero= i mn:n m HAt:t Nomen= Amenemhat… …   Wikipedia

  • Middle Kingdom of Egypt — History of Egypt This article is part of a series Prehistory Ancient Egypt Early …   Wikipedia

  • Nofrusobek — Namen von Nofrusobek Horusname …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • 18th century BC — The 18th century BC was the century which lasted from 1800 BC to 1701 BC.Events *1800 BC Iron age in India [http://antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/tewari/tewari.pdf The origins of Iron Working in India: New evidence from the Central Ganga plain and the… …   Wikipedia

  • List of Egypt-related articles — Articles (arranged alphabetically) related to Egypt include:0 9First dynasty of Egypt 1st through 31st Thirty first dynasty of EgyptAAaru Ababda Abbas I of Egypt Abbas II of Egypt Abbasid Fifi Abdou Pope Abraham of Alexandria Abu Gorab Abu Hafs… …   Wikipedia

  • List of ancient Egyptians — NOTOC This is a list of ancient Egyptian people who have articles on Wikipedia.A*Ahhotep, queen (17th dynasty) *Ahmose, princess (17th dynasty) *Ahmose, queen (18th dynasty) *Ahmose, prince and high priest (18th dynasty) *Ahmose, son of Ebana,… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”