Cheburashka

For the aircraft nicknamed Cheburashka after this character, see Antonov An-72.

Cheburashka, the animated film character

Cheburashka (Russian:  Чебурашка​ (help·info)), also known as Topple in earlier English translations, is a character in children's literature, from a 1966 story by the Russian writer Eduard Uspensky. He is also the protagonist (voiced by Klara Rumyanova) of the stop-motion animated films by Roman Kachanov (Soyuzmultfilm studio), the first film of which was made in 1969.^[1][2][3]

Story

According to the story, Cheburashka is a funny little creature, unknown to science, who lives in the tropical forest. He accidentally gets into a crate of oranges, eats his fill, and falls asleep. The crate is eventually delivered to a grocery store in an unnamed Russian city (by some facts it may be Moscow) where the rest of the main story unfolds. Cheburashka is a name given to the character by the puzzled store manager who finds the creature in the crate when he opens it. The salesman takes the animal out and sits him on the table, but his paws are numb after the long time spent in the crate, and he tumbles down ("cheburakhnulsya" (чебурахнулся), a Russian colloquialism, "tumbled" in English) from the table onto the chair and then from the chair, where he could not sit, for the same reason, onto the floor. The store manager, who witnesses the scene, called him Cheburashka. Words with this root were archaic in Russian; Uspensky gave them a new lease on life. (The Explanatory Dictionary of the Live Great Russian language of Vladimir Dahl gives the meaning of "cheburashka" as another name for the roly-poly toy.^[4])

Cartoon series

1. Gena the Crocodile (1969)
2. Cheburashka (1971)
3. Shapoklyak (1974)
4. Cheburashka Goes to School (1983)

Friends

Cheburashka is male, has a bear-like body, large round ears, and is about the size of a 5-year-old child. In the tale, he hangs around with a friendly crocodile named Gena, who wears a hat, a bow tie and a coat, walks on his hind legs, and plays the accordion. He works in a zoo as a crocodile. Gena's favorite songs are "Such a Pity that One's Birthday Happens Only Once a Year" and "The Blue Train Car," both of which are extremely popular with children.

Antagonist

In the cartoon, Cheburashka and Gena have their adventures made more difficult by a character named "Старуха Шапокляк" (Old Lady Shapoklyak, from French chapeau claque, a kind of top hat). Shapoklyak is a mischievous but charming old lady. She is tall and thin, wears a hat, a dark-coloured dress, and bloomers, and carries around a pet rat — Lariska — in her purse to help her play pranks on people. The chorus of her theme song contains her motto, "One won't ever get famous for good deeds."

Copyright controversy

Cheburashka in 1965, in the first edition of the book.

The rights to the Cheburashka character and image have been heavily debated in court.^[5] In 1994, Eduard Uspensky (the writer) copyrighted the character's name and image and proceeded to sell the rights to various countries. Leonid Shvartsman, the art director of the animated films, has tried to prove in court that he was the creator of Cheburashka's visual appearance and that this copyright should be separate from the rights for the literary character. On March 13, 2007, Shvartsman and his attorney lost a 4.7 million ruble lawsuit against BRK Cosmetics and Eduard Uspensky. Shvartsman alleged that Uspensky sold the rights to the Cheburashka image (which was allegedly not his to sell) to BRK Cosmetics, which used it on packets of toothpaste. The defence argued that the artist who drew the character for the packets had never seen the animated films and, despite the fact that the character on the packets was an exact copy of the one in the animated films, had created the character himself after the impressions left from reading Uspensky's books. Vladimir Entin, the prosecuting attorney, suspects that the jury had to have been bribed in order to hand such an unlikely verdict, but admits that there is no proof.^[6]

Cheburashka sightings

The Antonov An-72 is said to resemble Cheburashka when viewed from the front.

Cheburashka is now a staple of Russian cartoons, and there are several licensed products on the market, such as children's joke books and stuffed toys. He is also one of the few Russian animation characters to be the subject of numerous Russian jokes and riddles.

The word "Cheburashka" is also used in a figurative sense to name objects that somehow resemble the creature (such as an An-72 aircraft which, when seen from the front, resembles the character's head) or are just as pleasing as it is (e.g. a colloquial name for a small bottle of lemonade – from the brand name "Cheburashka").

Cheburashka was also chosen as the official mascot for the Russian Olympic Team in the following games:

• 2004 Summer Olympics in Greece
• 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy (with white fur)
• 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China (with red fur)
• 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada (with blue fur)

Cheburashka also became known in some countries outside the former Soviet Union (and of the Soviet Bloc). He became very popular in Japan after an animated film series about him was shown in 15 cinemas all over Japan and was watched by about 700,000 between summer 2001 and spring 2002. In 2008, the Cheburashka films (as part of the "Ghibli Museum Library") were made available to Japanese cinemas^[7] on the same date as Hayao Miyazaki's Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea.^[8] An English-dubbed edition of at least one of the animated films was released in 1987, titled The Adventures of Charlie and Cubby .^[9]

"Drutten och krokodilen", Sweden

"Drutten och Gena"

In the 1970s a series of children's television shows, radio shows, records and magazines were produced in Sweden with the characters Drutten and crocodile Gena. These two characters were based on a couple of Cheburashka and Gena dolls bought on a trip to the Soviet Union, so they were visually identical to Cheburashka and Gena. ("Drutten" means "one who tumbles down", as one meaning of the Swedish colloquial verb "drutta" is "to fall or tumble down".)

But that is where the similarity ends. The two characters sang and told different stories from those in the USSR, lived on a bookshelf rather than in a city and are hand puppets operated in live action rather than stop motion. Only occasionally Swedish state TV would broadcast a segment of the Russian original, dubbed in Swedish. So, while many Swedes may visually recognize Cheburashka, they will generally not associate these characters with the ones Russian children know.

Collectibles

Cheburashka dolls and other collectibles are produced in Russia and Japan. United States National Champion figure skater Johnny Weir is known to be an avid collector of Russian Cheburashka items.^[10]

The white and red Olympic mascots were made in three sizes – 6 in. (14 cm), 7 in. (18 cm) and 11 in. (27 cm) – and wear a sponsor's jersey with the "Bosco Sport" logo on the chest.

T-shirts with Cheburashka are common, including several versions with the character drawn as Alberto Korda's Che Guevara photograph, labeled "Che Burashka".

Cheburashka movie

Ivan Maximov had said in a 2004 interview^[11] that Pilot Studio had been planning to make a Cheburashka feature film and that the scenario had been written out and possibly some footage shot, but that it had been frozen for lack of funds. Cheburashka's popularity in Japan is such that on April 4, 2006, TV Tokyo broadband issued a press announcement^[12] that it (in partnership with Frontier Works, Inc.) has acquired the rights to remake the Cheburashka shorts as a feature film. It is unclear if this was the very project that Pilot Studio had been forced to abandon. It was announced that the film, like the original shorts, will be based on puppet animation enhanced with modern stop-motion technology and computer graphics effects (similar to the plans for the Pilot Studio film), and would be shot simultaneously in two languages – English and Russian.

In March 2009 it was announced that the new Cheburashka animation would consist of a new animated series, called Cheburashka arere?, which will last for 26 3-minute episodes. A new movie, to be released in 2010^{[dated info]}, was also mentioned, but with no confirmation of whether it will be made in Japan or abroad.^[13]

Cheburashka arere? premiered on the Nori-Suta 100% television program on October 7, 2009.

See also

Animation portal

• History of Russian animation
• List of stop-motion films

References

1. ^ "Список фильмов" (in Russian). Official E. Uspensky website. Retrieved 2009-12-11.
2. ^ MacFadyen, David (2005). "Filmography - Krokodil Gena (1969)". Yellow Crocodiles and Blue Oranges: Russian Animated Film since World War Two. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 236. ISBN 0-7735-2871-7
3. ^ "Cheburashka Classics". Frontier Works, Inc. Retrieved 2009-12-11.
4. ^ Dahl, Vladimir (1882). "Чебурашка" (in Russian). The Explanatory Dictionary of the Live Great Russian language: Er-Ve. Спб.: Изд. Т-ва М. О. Вольф. p. 603. OCLC 1661885. http://books.google.ru/books?id=2O8GAAAAQAAJ&q=%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0#search_anchor. 
5. ^ Sheveleva, Aleksandra (December 13, 2006). "Чебурашку разбирают в суде" (in Russian). BBC News Online. Retrieved 2009-12-11.
6. ^ Anufrieva, Anna (March 13, 2007). "Как заработать на Чебурашке" (in Russian). Delovoy Peterburg. Archived from the original on March 22, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070322054002/http://www.dp.ru/msk/news/money/2007/03/13/208133/. 
7. ^ http://www.ghibli-museum.jp/cheb/top.html (Japanese)
8. ^ http://www.ghibli.jp/ponyo/top.html (Japanese)
9. ^ http://www.allmovie.com/work/adventures-of-charlie-cubby-925
10. ^ Johnny Weir Online: The Official Site, Q&A, July 2006, http://web.archive.org/web/20090504212417/http://www.figureskatersonline.com/johnnyweir/interact12.html 
11. ^ Rasskazova, Tatyana (August 16, 2004) "Иван Максимов: по дешевке «Симпсонов» не сделаешь" (in Russian). Ogoniok 33 (4860). Retrieved 2009-12-11.
12. ^ Ozler, Levent (April 12, 2006). "Cheburash : Animation Phenomenon Goes to TV Tokyo Broadband". Dexigner. Archived from the original on June 11, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070611145354rn_1/www.dexigner.com/design_news/5680.html. 
13. ^ "Russia's Cheburashka Character Gets Japanese TV Anime". Anime News Network. September 3, 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-11.

External links

• Russian fan page
• Japanese official website
• Cheburashka's Room in People's Republic of Poland's Cartoons Museum
• Cheburashka's New Adventures – After stealing hearts at the Turin Winter Olympics, the famed Soviet cartoon character is about to become a movie star in Japan (The Moscow Times. May 12, 2006)
• Cheburator: Cheburashka-themed movie images and artwork