Roanne

French commune
nomcommune=Roanne
région=Rhône-Alpes
département=Loire ("sous-préfecture")
arrondissement=Roanne
canton=Chief town of 2 cantons


image_flag_size= 100px
image_coat_of_arms = Blason ville fr Roanne (Loire).svg
image_coat_of_arms_size =115px
flag_

Coat_of_arms_

insee=42187|cp=42300|maire=Laure Déroche (PS)|mandat=
intercomm=Communauté d'agglomération le Grand Roanne |longitude=4.06888888889|latitude=46.0366666667
alt moy=279 m|alt mini=257 m|alt maxi=304 m
hectares=1,612|km²=16.12
sans=38,896|date-sans=1999
dens=2,412.9
date-dens=1999

Roanne ("Rouana" in Arpitan) is a town and commune in central France in the Loire "département", about 90 km north-west of Lyon. It lies along the Loire River.

Economy

Roanne is known for gastronomy, textiles, agriculture and manufacturing tanks.

History

The toponomy is Gaulish, "Rod-Onna" ("flowing water") which became "Rodumna", then "Rouhanne" and "Roanne". The town was sited at a strategic point, the head of navigation on the Loire, below its narrow gorges. As a trans-shipping point, its importance declined with the collapse of long-distance trade after the fourth century. In the twelfth century, the site passed to the comte du Forez, under whose care it began to recover. An overland route led to Lyon and the Rhône, thus Roanne developed as a transshipping point between Paris and the Mediterranean in early modern France, when waterways were at least as important as roads.

The renewed navigation on the Loire encouraged the export of local products— wines, including casks of Beaujolais that had been shipped overland, ceramics, textiles—and after 1785, coal from Saint-Étienne, which had formerly been onloaded upstream at Saint-Rambert, since river improvements at the beginning of the century. Sturdy goods were rafted downriver on "sapinières" that were dismantled after use. Half the population of seventeenth and eighteenth-century Roanne depended in some way on this transportation economy: merchants and factors, carriers, carpenters and coopers, master-boatmen and their journeymen and oarsmen, and waterfront laborers (Braudel p360f).

Roanne was one of the first towns served by railroad, with the opening, 15 March 1833, of the terminal on the right bank at the port of Varennes of the third line, from Andrézieux. Following came the opening of the canal from Roanne to Digoin (1838), which placed the city in the forefront of the French Industrial Revolution.

In 1917 the arsenal was established at Roanne, and from 1940 a new industry developed, producing rayon and other new fibers. In the post-industrial phase that set in during the 1970s, Roanne struggled to find new industry and attract tourism.

Miscellaneous

Births

Roanne was the birthplace of:
* Jean-Baptiste Nompère de Champagny (1756-1834) was a French politician
* Pierre Étaix (born 1928), film director
* René Leriche (1870-1955), surgeon
* Jean-Pierre Jeunet (born 1953), film director

Twin towns

Roanne is twinned with:
* Nuneaton and Bedworth, United Kingdom
* Guadalajara, Spain
* Reutlingen, Germany
* Montevarchi, Italy
* Piatra Neamţ, Romania
* Legnica, Poland

References

*Braudel, Fernand, 1982. "The Wheels of Commerce", vol. II of "Civilization and Capitalism" p 360.

External links

* [http://www.mairie-roanne.fr/ Official website]