Havasupai-Hualapai language
- Havasupai-Hualapai language
Havasupai-Hualapai is the Native American language spoken by the Hualapai and Havasupai peoples of northwestern Arizona. It is closely related to the Yavapai language.
Havasupai-Hualapai belongs to the Pai branch of the Yuman-Cochimí linguistic family, together with Yavapai and Paipai, which is spoken in northern Baja California. The two groups have separate sociopolitical identities, but a consensus among linguists is that the differences in speech among them lie only at the dialect level, rather than constituting separate languages (Campbell 1997:127; Goddard 1996:7; Kendall 1983:5-7; Mithun 1999:577-578). The Havasupai and Hualapai report that they speak the same language, and indeed the differences between their dialects have been reported as "negligible" (Kozlowski 1976:140).
For a bibliography of texts, grammars, and dictionaries that document the language, see Langdon 1996.
Bibliography
* Campbell, Lyle. (1997). "American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America". Oxford University Press.
* Goddard, Ives. (1996). "Introduction". In "Languages", edited by Ives Goddard, pp. 1-16. Handbook of North American Indians, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Vol. 17. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
* Kendall, Martha B. (1983). "Yuman languages". In "Southwest", edited by Alfonso Ortiz, pp. 4-12. Handbook of North American Indians, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Vol. 10. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
* Langdon, Margaret. (1996). "Bibliography of the Yuman languages". "Survey of California and Other Indian Languages" 9:135-159.
* Mithun, Marianne. (1999). "The Languages of Native North America". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
* Kozlowski, Edwin. (1976). "Remarks on Havasupai phonology". In "International Journal of American Linguistics", pp. 140-149. Vol. 42, No. 2.
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