Pilatus PC-12

PC-12
Pilatus PC-12 Sentinel of the U.S. Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement
Role	Passenger and cargo aircraft
National origin	Switzerland
Manufacturer	Pilatus Aircraft
First flight	May 31, 1991
Introduction	1994
Status	In production
Primary users	Civil aviation United States Air Force
Number built	1000+ (by June, 2010)[1]

The Pilatus PC-12 is a single-engine turboprop passenger and cargo aircraft manufactured by Pilatus Aircraft of Switzerland. The main market for the aircraft is corporate transport and regional airliner operators.

Design and development

Pilatus announced the development of the PC-12 at the annual convention of the National Business Aviation Association (NBAA) in October 1989.^[2] The first flight of the first of two prototypes took place on May 31, 1991. Certification of the type was originally planned for mid-1991 but a redesign of the wings (increase of wing span and addition of winglets to ensure performance guarantees were met) delayed this. Swiss certification finally took place on March 30, 1994, and U.S. Federal Aviation Administration approval followed on July 15, 1994.

As with many other Pilatus aircraft, the PC-12 is powered by a single Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6 turboprop engine (the PT6A-67B). It is certified for single-pilot IFR operations, though operators may choose to utilize a second flight crew member. Pilatus offers the PC-12 in a standard nine-seat airliner form, in a four-passenger seat/freight Combi version, and as a six-seat corporate transport with an option for a seven-seat by adding a three-seat bench in place of seats five and six.^[3] A pure freighter model is under consideration.

Pilatus PC-12

The PC-12M (Multipurpose) is based on the PC-12, but equipped with a more powerful electrical generation system that enables addition of additional power-consuming equipment. This enables the PC-12M to perform missions such as flight inspection, air ambulance, parachutist dropping, aerial photography, and aerial surveillance. This version is marketed in the United States as the PC-12 Spectre paramilitary special missions platform.

The U-28A is the United States Air Force variant of the PC-12 for intra-theater support of special operations forces. The 319th Special Operations Squadron is stationed at Hurlburt Field, Florida at the headquarters of the Air Force Special Operations Command. The 34th Special Operations Squadron (SOS) was activated on 9 April 2010 as the second U-28A unit at Hurlburt. Both squadrons operate as part of the 1st Special Operations Wing/ 1st Special Operations Group (SOG) at Hurlburt. The U-28A / Pilatus PC-12 is also operated by the 318th Special Operations Squadron as part of the 27th Special Operations Wing at Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico.^[4]

Pilatus announced the PC-12NG (Next Generation) at the 2006 NBAA meeting in Orlando, and officially launched it during the NBAA 2007 in Atlanta.^[5] The NG features a more powerful Pratt & Whitney PT6A-67P engine with better climb performance and an increase in maximum cruise speed to 280kts TAS. The NG also features a Honeywell APEX glass cockpit. The revised cockpit includes automatic pressurization control as well as cursor controlled inputs to the navigation system. The PC-12 NG winglets have also been modified from the original version.

Operational history

Pilatus PC-12 in landing configuration

Pilatus PC-12 at Centennial Airport in Colorado

Pilatus PC-12 Instruments and Sub-Panel

Most PC-12s are used as corporate transports, but recent regulatory changes in Australia, Brazil, Canada, and the United States have cleared single engine turboprops such as the PC-12 for regional passenger transport operations in those countries. This opens a new market for the PC-12 as a regional airliner that would replace older twin piston-engined aircraft.

PlaneSense, a New Hampshire-based fractional ownership company, is the largest fractional operator of PC-12s in the world, operating 34 PC-12s.^[6]

In 1994 the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia was the launch customer of the PC-12.

Variants

PC-12/41

Original production variant certified in 1994 has a Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67B engine. Most, if not all of the /41's have been upgraded to /45's.

PC-12/45

Certified in 1996 has a Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67B engine, maximum takeoff weight increased to 4,500 kg (9,921 lb).

PC-12/47

Certified in 2005 has a Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67B engine, maximum takeoff weight increased to 4,740 kg (10,450 lb).

PC-12/47E

Variant certified in 2008 has upgraded avionics and a Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67P engine. Sometimes known by its trade name PC-12 NG (Next Generation)

PC-12M Spectre

Paramilitary special missions platform marketed in the United States, originally called "Eagle".

U-28A

United States military designation for the PC-12.

Operators

Pilatus PC-12 taking off from short, unimproved airfield

Starboard wing with winglet, weather radar, and de-icing boot

Pilatus PC-12 NG

Civilian

More than 1000 PC-12s have been sold as of June 2010; most are used in the civil market.^[1]

Present airline operators:

• Image Air
• Nakina Air Service‎
• Pascan Aviation
• SeaPort Airlines
• Wasaya Airways
• Private Air
• Expressair

Former airline operators:

• Bearskin Airlines
• NAC Air
• Peace Air

Other

• AirSprint Inc. (Fractional ownership)
• Royal Flying Doctor Service - operates 31 PC-12 for transport.
• Air Bravo Corp - Operates 9 PC-12s for medevac/charters in Ontario, Canada
• India Flysafe Aviation Limited- Operates one pilatus pc-12/47 for medevac/charter in Raigarh,India ^[7]

Government

 Argentina

• Argentine National Gendarmerie - operates one PC-12 for VIP and MEDEVAC transport

 Australia

• Western Australia Police - operate two PC-12s for staff transport, search and rescue and disaster relief.^[8]
• Northern Territory Police^[9]

 Canada

• Ontario Provincial Police - PC-12/45 with a camera mounted under the fuselage

 Canada

• Ornge - is operating 6 PC-12 NG for aeromedical transport^[10]
• Nishnawbe-Aski Police Service
• Royal Canadian Mounted Police

 United States

• Customs & Border Protection - Office of Air & Marine (U.S. Department of Homeland Security) ^[11]
• Phoenix Police Department (Arizona) - PC-12 Spectre on order^{[citation needed]}
• State Of Wisconsin - PC-12/45^[12]

Military

 Bulgaria

• Bulgarian Air Force operates one PC-12 for VIP transport.^[13]

 Finland

• Finnish Air Force operates six PC-12NG aircraft as liaison aircraft.^[14]

 South Africa

• South African Air Force operates one PC-12 with 41 Squadron for VIP transport.^[15]

 Switzerland

• Swiss Air Force operates one PC-12 for research flights and VIP transport.^[16]

 United States

• United States Air Force operates 20 PC-12/47s (designated U-28A) for special operations, another three are on order.^[17]

Accidents and incidents

On March 22, 2009, a PC-12/45 with the aircraft registration number N128CM, owned by the Eagle Cap Leasing of Enterprise, Oregon, crashed on approach to the Bert Mooney Airport in Butte, Montana.^[18] The aircraft had departed from Oroville, California, and diverted from the original destination of Bozeman, Montana for unknown reasons. The NTSB recovered a computer memory chip from the aircraft that contained essential aircraft and engine performance data. From it, they concluded that icing in the fuel system had prevented the normally balanced flow of fuel from the wings. The pilot had delayed a precautionary landing until one wing was full of fuel and the other was empty, and then lost control of the PC-12 while maneuvering to land.^[19] All 14 people on board were killed: one pilot and 13 passengers, seven of whom were young children.^[20][21]

On July 5, 2009, a Pilatus PC-12 crashed in Rockbridge County, Va., after the pilot reported the loss of the instrument panel and subsequently requested vectors to get out of weather. The pilot, Daniel Dorsch, owner of Papa John's Pizza chain in Florida, Fun Bike Center of Lakeland, FL and former CEO of Checkers Drive-In Restaurants (1999–2003), his wife Cynthia Dorsch and at least two other passengers were killed. According to ATC, the pilot was flying above the max altitude of the aircraft at 31,000' when he reported his loss of the instrument panel.^[22][23]

On July 24, 2009 the NTSB issued its preliminary report on the Rockbridge County, Va. accident. On July 25, 2009, the Roanoke Times published an analysis of the NTSB report subtitled Without being conclusive, it [the NTSB report] suggests failure of navigational instruments as the main cause. This article argues that the accident was caused not by the loss of a structural panel from the aircraft, as had been suggested by early accounts, but from the failure of the pilot's primary instrument panel. This failure, the author speculates, resulted in the pilot's becoming spatially disoriented, which consequently caused him to lose control of the aircraft.^[24]

At 4:31 on Tuesday, February 8, 2011, a Pilatus PC-12 belonging to the South Africa Ceramics company, Italtile, disappeared from Air Traffic Control's radar. On Wednesday 9 February, wreckage believed to be that of the missing plane was found just off the shore of Robberg Nature Reserve, close to Plettenberg Bay. All on board, including the CEO of Italtile, were killed in the accident.^[25][26]

On May 25, 2011 a PC-12 air ambulance en-route to New Delhi crashed in Faridabad killing all seven on board, as well as three people, all women from the same family, in a two-storey residential building.^[27][28]

Specifications (PC-12)

RCMP PC-12, Winnipeg c. 2007

Weather radar on the wing of Pilatus PC-12 NG

General characteristics

• Crew: one or two pilots
• Capacity: 9 passengers standard, 6-8 executive
• Payload: 1,500 kg (3,502 lb)
• Length: 14.40 m (47 ft 3 in)
• Wingspan: 16.23 m (53 ft 3 in)
• Height: 4.26 m (14 ft 0 in)
• Wing area: 25.81 m² (277.8 ft²)
• Empty weight: 2,761 kg (5,867 lb)
• Loaded weight: 4,700 kg (10,450 lb)
• Max takeoff weight: 4,740 kg (10,450 lb)
• Powerplant: 1 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67B turboprop, 895 kW (1,200 shp)
• Maximum landing: 4,700 kg (10,450 lb)
• Maximum payload full fuel: 539 kg (1,189 lb)
• Tail wingspan: 5.20 m (17 ft 1 in)
• Propeller: Hartzell HC - E4A - 3D/E10477K – 4 blade aluminum
• Propeller diameter: 2.67 m (8 ft 9 in)
• Propeller RPM: 1,700 rpm

Performance

• Cruise speed: 500 km/h (312.5 mph/270 KTAS/280 KTAS @ 20000 ft (PC-12NG))
• Stall speed: 120 km/h (74.8 mph/ 65 KCAS/66 KCAS (PC-12NG))
• Service ceiling: 9,150 m (30,000 ft)
• Rate of climb: 512 m/min at sea level (1,680 ft/min)
• Wing loading: 174.3 kg/m² (35.7 lb/ft²)
• Power/mass: 3.7 kg/shp (8.2 lb/shp)
• Range 0 passenger: 4,149 km (2,593 mi) (2,239 nm)
• Range 9 passenger: 2,804 km (1,753 mi) (1,513 nm)
• Takeoff distance over 15 m (50 ft) obstacle: 701 m (2,300 ft)
• Takeoff distance ground roll: 450 m (1,475 ft)
• Landing distance over 15 m (50 ft) obstacle: 558 m (1,830 ft)
• Landing distance ground roll: 228 m (945 ft)

Avionics
Honeywell Primus APEX (PC-12NG)

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

• Aero Ae 270 Ibis
• Cessna 208
• Piper Meridian
• Socata TBM
• Myasishchev/SOKOL M-101T
  

References

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} "Pilatus press release." pilatus-aircraft.com. Retrieved: August 1, 2011.
2. ^ "Booming Business." Flight International, September 23, 1989.
3. ^ "Pilatus PC-12 Service Bulletin No 25-014, see section 1C(3)." pilatus-aircraft.com/. Retrieved: October 6, 2011.
4. ^ "New Special Ops PC-12 Unit." AirForces Monthly, Issue 269, September 2010, p. 21.
5. ^ "Pilatus press release." pilatusowners.com, October 6, 2008.
6. ^ "Planesense." planesense.com. Retrieved: August 1, 2011.
7. ^ "India Flysafe Aviation Limited." indiaflysafe.com. Retrieved: August 1, 2011.
8. ^ "Western Australia Police Air Wing." police.wa.gov.au. Retrieved: August 1, 2011.
9. ^ "Australian Civil Aviation Safety Authority Aircraft Register." casa.gov.au. Retrieved: August 1, 2011.
10. ^ "Ornge adds new high performance medically equipped aircraft to fleet." Ornge, October 7, 2008. Retrieved: August 20, 2009.
11. ^ "Office of Air & Marine ." cbp.gov. Retrieved: August 1, 2011.
12. ^ "N395W." FAA. Retrieved: August 1, 2011.
13. ^ "Bulgarian military aviation OrBat." milaviapress.com. Retrieved: August 1, 2011.
14. ^ "Pilatus press release." pilatus-aircraft.com. Retrieved: August 1, 2011.
15. ^ "South African military aviation OrBat.: milaviapress.com. Retrieved: August 1, 2011.
16. ^ "Swiss military aviation OrBat." milaviapress.com. Retrieved: August 1, 2011.
17. ^ "US Air Force military aviation OrBat." milaviapress.com. Retrieved: August 1, 2011.
18. ^ "Eagle Cap Leasing." oregon.aircraftdata.net. Retrieved: August 1, 2011.
19. ^ "Aircraft Accident Report: Loss of Control While Maneuvering, Pilatus PC-12/45, N128CM." National Transport Safety Board, March 22, 2009. Retrieved: August 22, 2011.
20. ^ "PC-12 Seating article." ainonline.com. Retrieved: August 1, 2011.
21. ^ "Montana plane crash kills 17." USATODAY, March 22, 2009. Retrieved: March 22, 2009.
22. ^ "Velozia Air: Plane Crash Information & Aviation Safety Issues."Velozia Air, July 26, 2009.
23. ^ "FAA: At least 2 dead in Rockbridge County plane crash."Roanoke Times, July 5, 2009. Retrieved: July 6, 2009.
24. ^ "Report issued on fatal plane crash." Roaanoke Times, July 20, 2009.
25. ^ "Business Day Report of incident." Business Day, February 9, 2011.
26. ^ "Italtile CEO dies in plane crash." Moneyweb, February 9, 2011.
27. ^ "9-seater plane crashes in Faridabad residential colony, 7 on board." ndtv.com. Retrieved: August 1, 2011.
28. ^ "10 killed in small plane crash in Faridabad." thehindu.com. Retrieved: August 1, 2011.

Bibliography

• Endres, Günter. The Illustrated Directory of Modern Commercial Aircraft. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing, 2001. ISBN 0-7603-1125-0.
• The information on the U-28A was obtained from an official United States Air Force fact sheet

External links

• Special livery to celebrate the 1000th PC-12NG, unveiled in late June, 2010 at Stans.
• Pilatus PC 12 official manufacturer's web page
• Flight International article on the Pilatus PC-12 Next Generation
• Flying Magazine article on the Pilatus PC-12 Next Generation
• European Aviation Safety Agency - Type Certificate Data Sheet A.089 PC-12
• Project Information on Pilatus PC-12 Single-Turboprop Executive Aircraft