Dino Grandi

Dino Grandi
Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office September 12, 1929 – July 20, 1932
Prime Minister	Benito Mussolini
Preceded by	Benito Mussolini interim
Succeeded by	Benito Mussolini interim
President of Chamber of Fasci and Corporations
In office November 30, 1939 – August 2, 1943
Preceded by	Giacomo Acerbo
Succeeded by	Vittorio Emanuele Orlando
Personal details
Born	June 4, 1895 Mordano, Italy
Died	May 21, 1988(1988-05-21) (aged 92) Bologna, Italy
Nationality	Italian
Political party	National Fascist Party
Alma mater	University of Bologna
Profession	Lawyer Politician

Dino Grandi (June 4, 1895 – May 21, 1988), Conte (Count) di Mordano, was an Italian Fascist politician, minister of justice, minister of foreign affairs and president of parliament.

Biography

Early life

Born at Mordano, province of Bologna, Grandi was a graduate in law and economics at the University of Bologna in 1919 (after serving in World War I), Grandi started a career as a lawyer in Imola. Attracted to the political left, he nonetheless became impressed with Benito Mussolini after the two met in 1914, and became a staunch advocate of Italy's entry into the World War.

He joined the Blackshirts at age 25, and was one of 35 Fascist delegates elected, along with Mussolini, in May 1921 to the Chamber of Deputies. Grandi survived an ambush carried out by leftist militants in 1920, and had his studio devastated on one occasion.

A Fascist statesman

After the March on Rome on October 28, 1922, in which the Fascists took power in Italy, Grandi became part of the new government; first as the under secretary of interior (1923), then as the Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs (1929), and also served as Italy's ambassador to the United Kingdom (1932 to 1939). He was recalled to Italy in order to be appointed as the Minister of Justice. Dino Grandi was an ally to the most radical and violent groups of fascists, always surrounding himself with members of the Blackshirts. He used his position to voice criticism of Mussolini's attempt to reach an armistice with left-wingers, and was under suspicion for having attempted to replace the latter with the skeptical alleged Mussolini forerunner Gabriele D'Annunzio.

As a diplomat, Grandi created a net of connections that were only rivaled by Mussolini's son-in-law, Galeazzo Ciano, and attempted to use it for his own gains. Thus, he persuaded King Victor Emmanuel III to grant him a title, and managed to afford a comfortable position until being sent by Mussolini to the Greek Front in 1941.

Coup and later life

As World War II (which Grandi opposed) began to have its devastating effect on Italy after Operation Husky, Grandi and other members of the Fascist Grand Council met July 24, 1943. At this meeting, Grandi turned against Mussolini and made a motion asking King Victor Emmanuel III to resume his full constitutional authority. The resolution passed by a vote of 19 to 7, with one abstention — effectively removing Mussolini from office. Those leading government figures who had voted for the resolution included Giuseppe Bottai and Emilio De Bono as well as Grandi. The king formally removed and arrested Mussolini the next day.

Grandi also negotiated a truce with the left-wing movements, notably with the trade unions (grouped in the Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro), which gave way to the Italian resistance movement against Nazi Germany.

While the Allies occupied the south, an alternate Fascist government was established in Northern Italy as the Italian Social Republic. It sentenced Grandi to death for treason in the Verona trial that took place in on January 8-10 1944. Grandi, however, had the foresight to flee to Franco's Spain in August 1943. He lived there, then in Portugal (1943-1948), then Argentina,^[1] and then São Paulo, Brazil, until the 1960s; he died in Bologna. Coincidentally, Grandi died on the same weekend as two post-war Italian Fascist leaders. Like Grandi, Pino Romualdi died on May 21, 1988, while Giorgio Almirante died the following day.^[2]

References

1. ^ "Former Mussolini Aide Lands in Argentina," The Modesto Bee, March 16, 1949, p.6
2. ^ "Obituaries Dino Grandi, 92; rival of Mussolini's," Syracuse Post-Standard, May 24, 1988, p.48

Political offices
Preceded by Benito Mussolini	Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs 1929–1932	Succeeded by Benito Mussolini
Preceded by Giacomo Acerbo	President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies 1939-1943	Succeeded by Vittorio Emanuele Orlando

Persondata
Name	Grandi, Dino
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	June 4, 1895
Place of birth	Mordano, Italy
Date of death	May 21, 1988
Place of death	Bologna, Italy