Jehu Eyre

Jehu Eyre or Jehu Ayer (January 10 1738–July 23 1781) was an American businessman, veteran of the French and Indian War and American Revolutionary War, and member of the influential Eyre family, which played a major role in the American Revolution and the early Republic. Jehu's father George had emigrated to the New World in 1727; the family was descended from one of the oldest noble lines in England.http://proxy.wrlc.org:8080/cgi-bin/getdoc.pdf?file=CLS_1057029.pdf&pin=899812]

Eyre was born in Burlington, New Jersey. He married Lydia Wright Eyre [ [http://www.kennethwmilano.com/KensingtonHistory/KensingtonWillAbstracts/tabid/232/Default.aspx Kensington Will Abstracts, 1685–1825] (KennethWMilano.com)] on December 28 1761, when Jehu was twenty-three years old. Jehu's brother Manuel, also an officer in the Continental ArmyFact|date=February 2007, had married Lydia's sister Martha on January 8 of the same year. [ [http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/pa/1pa/paarchivesseries/series2/vol8/pass83.html Record of Pennsylvania Marriages] ] In total, Jehu and Lydia Eyre would have five children: George (named after his grandfather), Jehu Jr., Franklin, Sarah, and Lydia (named after her mother).

Eyre fought alongside George Washington in the French and Indian War, serving as the Chief Engineer and Director of Artillery for the Province of Pennsylvania. [ [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3731/is_199709/ai_n8760156/pg_2 "Soldiers of the Quaker city: National Guard, Sep 1997"] by Joseph Seymour] Eyre and Washington were both participants in the July 9 1755 Battle of Monongahela, when forces under British General Edward Braddock were defeated by combined French and Native American units.

Of the carnage there, Eyre later wrote:

"When we came to the place where they crossed of the Monongahela, we saw a great many men's bones along the shore. We kept along the road about 1 1/2 miles, where the first engagement begun, where there are men's bones lying about as thick as the leaves do on the ground; for they are so thick that one lies on top of another for about a half a mile in length and about one hundred yards in breadth." [ [http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05184/531178.stm History on the doorstep in Braddock ] ]

Eyre served under Washington at Valley Forge during the 1776–1777 winter [ [http://myroots.faithweb.com/Eyre.htm Descendants of Colonel Jehu Eyre ] ] . He and his brothers were commissioned by Washington to build vessels for the independence effort at the Eyre family's shipping yards in Kensington (now part of Philadelphia), and provided some of the first ships in the Continental Navy [http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/w3/washington-ii.htm] . The earliest gunboat of the American Navy was built under the supervision of the Eyre family. Christened "Bull Dog", it was launched at Kensington on July 26 1775.Fact|date=February 2007 In that year Eyre also mustered his workers into a force for the defense of Philadelphia known as the "Kensington Artillery". [ [http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/w3/washington-ii.htm] [http://www.jstor.org/view/00379808/ap030068/03a00030/5?frame=noframe&userID=[e-mail]/01cce4406200501b54fb5&dpi=3&config=jstor] ]

One of the frigrates built by the Eyres, "The Alliance", carried the Marquis de Lafayette to France in 1779 and then joined up with the fleet of John Paul Jones. [ [http://fam.eastmill.com/f743.html Ancestors of ] ]

On December 25 1776, Jehu Eyre participated in Washington's crossing of the Delaware, [ [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3731/is_199709/ai_n8760156/pg_2] [http://firstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSFETCH?fetchtype=fullrecord:sessionid=fsapp10-47196-exdfkre0-yktj3h:entitypagenum=3:0:recno=1:resultset=1:format=FI:next=html/record.html:bad=error/badfetch.html:entitytoprecno=1:entitycurrecno=1:numrecs=1] ] a resounding success and a critical battle that saved the Revolution from being snuffed out in its infancy.

At the Battle of Brandywine, Eyre fought with his artillery company to halt the seizure of Philadelphia, [ [http://www.delcohistory.org/ashmead/ashmead_pg55.htm Chapter VII "The Revolutionary Struggle to the Battle of Brandywine"] — "History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania" by Henry Graham Ashmead] but his efforts were unsuccessful. Following the British invasion of the city in 1777, the naval works at Kensington were destroyed, to be rebuilt after the conflict's conclusion by Jehu's children and grandchildren. [ [http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/w3/washington-ii.htm Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships] ] The Eyre Mansion, specifically targeted by the British, was ransacked that winter. [http://www.hsp.org/default.aspx?id=496 Old Kensington : Historical Society of Pennsylvania ] ]

Eyre's siblings were also heavily involved in the Revolution, and his and his brothers' descendants remained powerful business leaders for several generations after the war ended.Fact|date=February 2007

During the war, Eyre's shipping yards were destroyed and his house razed, amounting to a total loss of £6,392 as of 1778, for which neither he nor his family were ever compensated.

Eyre died of malaria in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and his diaries were later published as "The Memorials of Colonel Jehu Eyre". [ [http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/reference/revbib/pa.htm Eyre, Jehu. "Memorials of Colonel Jehu Eyre." Edited by Peter D. Keyser. "Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography", 3 (1879), pp. 296-307, 412-425.] ] In 1853, his remains were taken from the Coates family graveyard and reinterred at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia, where an Eyre family vault was constructed. [ [http://www.sar.org/passar/graves/d_g.html Revolutionary War Soldiers' Graves] — Sons of the American Revolution: Pennsylvania Society (Philadelphia — Continental Chapter)]

A portrait of Jehu Eyre can be found at Trumbull's Gallery at Yale College.

ee also

*Eyre legend

Notes

ources and external links

* [http://home.midsouth.rr.com/darzdavies/patriotlist.html List of Patriots] — National Society Daughters of the American Revolution, Zachariah Davies Chapter
*Edgar S. MacLay, "A History of American Privateers" (includes illustration of Eyre)
*Find A Grave|id=13072939