Symphony No. 52 (Haydn)

The Symphony No. 52 in C minor is one of the last "Sturm und Drang" symphonies composed by the Austrian composer Joseph Haydn.

It is one of a number of minor-key symphonies that Haydn composed in the late 1760s and early 1770s, the others being Symphonies Nos. 39, 44, 45, and 49. The symphony was described, perhaps optimistically, by the noted Haydn scholar H. C. Robbins Landon as "the grandfather of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, also created with mathematical precision and in extreme conciseness."HC Robbins Landon, Haydn: Chronicle and Works, 5 vols, (Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press, 1976-) v. 2, Haydn at Eszterhaza, 1766-1790] . It may also have served as a model for Mozart's Piano Sonata K. 457.

Date of composition and scoring

The symphony was composed while the composer was in residence at Esterházy in 1771 or 1772. [H.C. Robbins Landon, page # missing] . It is scored for two oboes, bassoon, two horns (in C alto), continuo (harpsichord) and strings. A full performance runs approximately 22 minutes.

Form

The symphony is in four movements:
# "Allegro assai con brio"
# "Andante"
# "Menuetto e trio. Allegretto"
# "Finale. Presto"

The symphony has several distinct features. The first movement, written in Sonata-Allegro form, establishes a contrast between an agitated and forte opening theme in C minor, and a lyrical and piano second theme in the relative major (E-flat). Somewhat unusually, Haydn presents the second theme twice. As with his Symphony No. 45, the movement employs deceptive progressions in both the exposition (mm. 36-37) and recapitulation (mm. 130-31) [cite journal
last = Longyear
first = R. M.
title = The Minor Mode in Eighteenth-Century Sonata Form
journal = The Journal of Music Theory
volume = 15
issue = 1/2
pages = 189–229
date = Spring - Winter 1971
url = http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-2909%28197121%2F24%2915%3A1%2F2%3C182%3ATMMIES%3E2.0.CO%3B2-G
issn =
accessdate = 2008-02-29] . The "anger and vehemence" established by the minor mode of the symphony surpasses Haydn's earlier minor key symphonic efforts. [

cite book
last = Heartz
first = Daniel
title = Haydn, Mozart and the Viennese School, 1740-1780
year = 1994
publisher = W. W. Norton & Company
isbn = 0393037126
pages = 293-294 (quotation, 293) ]

Liturgical Use

It is possible that, as with several other symphonies by Haydn and Mozart, the Symphony no. 52 was written for the purpose of being incorporated into the Catholic liturgy. Haydn's early biographer Giuseppe Carpani noted:

Some other of Haydn's symphonies were written for the holy days. They were played in the chapel at Eisenstadt, in the chapel of the Imperial Court, and in other churches on such sacred feast days. They are written in G major, D major, and C minor. [cite journal
last = Zaslaw
first = Neal
title = Mozart, Haydn and the Sinfonia da Chiesa
journal = The Journal of Musicology
volume = 1
issue = 1
pages = 95–124, here 113
date = January 1982
url = http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0277-9269%28198201%291%3A1%3C95%3AMHATSD%3E2.0.CO%3B2-M
issn = 0277-9269
accessdate = 2008-02-29
month = Jan
year = 1982
doi = 10.1525/jm.1982.1.1.03a00140. The translation from the Italian is by the author, who also provides the original.Fernando Sor also witnessed a Haydn symphony (in D) being performed in conjunction with the Mass as a young student at Montserrat.]

It has been speculated that the C minor symphony refers to no. 52 based both on the date of composition, which coincided with the Austrian practice of performing symphonies during the liturgical service, and the fact that unlike Haydn's other C minor symphony to which Carpani may have been alluding (Symphony No. 78), no. 52 is a more serious work. [Zaslaw, 117] .

Notes

References

*Robbins Landon, H. C. (1963) "Joseph Haydn: Critical Edition of the Complete Symphonies", Universal Edition, Vienna
*Daniel Heartz, "Haydn, Mozart and the Viennese School, 1740-1780", W.W. Norton 1994