Dual ball joint suspension

A dual ball joint suspension uses a pair of arms, one in tension, one in compression, to replace a wishbone, in a MacPherson or SLA suspension. The outer end of each arm terminates in a ball joint, hence the name.

General description

The two arms, the spindle, and the body, form a four-bar link. Careful optimisation of the geometry leads to an effective virtual ball joint outboard of the spindle, which is very useful for a suspension designer, allowing negative scrub radius whilst keeping the ball joints out of the way of the brakes. Some manufacturers use a double ball joint arm to replace both wishbones on a short long arms suspension. This provides further opportunity for optimising the geometry.

Examples

It is used on large cars such as the Lexus LS460, BMW X5, Ford Territory, and General Motors' Zeta-derived models.

Disadvantages

The extra ball joint adds weight and cost. It also increases steering friction, and the parasitic friction in the suspension. The geometry has some undesirable characteristics that need careful management, such as returnability from full lock when parking.

References

• The Automotive Chassis Engineering Principles, J. Reimpell, H. Stoll , J. W. Betzler, ISBN 978-0-7680-0657-5