Roman arithmetic

Roman arithmetic

In mathematics, Roman arithmetic is the use of arithmetical operations on Roman numerals.

In modern education, Roman arithmetic is seldom taught. The preferred method is to convert the Roman numeral into an Arabic numeral system and solve the equation using a modern positional notation system.

The use of subtractive notation with Roman numerals increased the complexity of performing basic arithmetic operations without conveying the benefits of a full positional notation system. The first step in Roman arithmetic is to remove the subtractive notation from the numerals before any arithmetic operations. The subtractive notation is then reapplied to the solution as the end of the operation.

When subtractive notation is not used (such as IIII representing 4 instead of IV), addition can be performed by combining the symbols in all terms and grouping similar symbols together. Then the answer can be represented in standard form by reducing the symbols to their highest form, so that 5 Is will reduce to a single V, 2 Vs reduce to an X, and so on.

The Roman abacus was a hand-held tool for assisting in the computations using Roman numerals.

External links

* [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/RomanNumerals.html Roman Numerals (Mathworld)]


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Roman numerals — are a numeral system originating in ancient Rome, adapted from Etruscan numerals. The system used in classical antiquity was slightly modified in the Middle Ages to produce a system used today. It is based on certain letters which are given… …   Wikipedia

  • Roman technology — is the engineering practice which supported Roman civilization and made the expansion of Roman commerce and Roman military possible over nearly a thousand years. The Roman Empire had the most advanced set of technology of their time, some of… …   Wikipedia

  • Roman abacus — The Romans developed the Roman hand abacus, a portable, but less capable, base 10 version of the previous Babylonian abacus. It was the first portable calculating device for engineers, merchants and presumably tax collectors. It greatly reduced… …   Wikipedia

  • Arithmetic — tables for children, Lausanne, 1835 Arithmetic or arithmetics (from the Greek word ἀριθμός, arithmos “number”) is the oldest and most elementary branch of mathematics, used b …   Wikipedia

  • Roman Empire — For other senses of the term, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). Imperium Romanum redirects here. For the video game, see Imperium Romanum (video game). Roman Empire Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) The Senate and …   Wikipedia

  • Roman letters used in mathematics — NOTOC Many Roman letters, both capital and small, are used in mathematics, science and engineering to denote by convention specific or abstracted constants, variables of a certain type, units, multipliers, physical entities. Certain letters, when …   Wikipedia

  • Greek arithmetic, geometry and harmonics: Thales to Plato — Ian Mueller INTRODUCTION: PROCLUS’ HISTORY OF GEOMETRY In a famous passage in Book VII of the Republic starting at Socrates proposes to inquire about the studies (mathēmata) needed to train the young people who will become leaders of the ideal… …   History of philosophy

  • Elementary arithmetic — is the most basic kind of mathematics: it concerns the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Most people learn elementary arithmetic in elementary school.Elementary arithmetic starts with the natural numbers and the… …   Wikipedia

  • Ancient Roman society — In ancient Rome the imperial city was the largest urban center of its time, with a population of about one million people (about the size of London in the early 19th century, when London was the largest city in the world), with some high end… …   Wikipedia

  • Prix Nebula du meilleur roman court — Les prix Nebula sont attribués chaque année pour les œuvres publiées pendant l année calendaire précédente. La catégorie du meilleur roman court (novella) récompense des œuvres de fantasy et de science fiction comportant entre 17 500 et… …   Wikipédia en Français

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”