Phil Fontaine

Larry Phillip (Phil) Fontaine, OM, (born September 20, 1944) is an Aboriginal Canadian leader. He is currently serving his third term as National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations.

Fontaine was born at the Sagkeeng First Nation on the Fort Alexander Reserve in Manitoba, Canada, about 150 kilometers north of Winnipeg, Manitoba. His first language is Ojibway. In his youth he attended a residential school operated by the Oblates of Mary Immaculate at Sagkeeng. He also attended the Assiniboia Residential School in Winnipeg and he graduated from Powerview Collegiate in 1961.

In 1973, Fontaine was elected Chief of the Sagkeeng community for two consecutive terms. Upon completion of his mandate, he and his family moved to the Yukon territory where he was the Regional Director General with the Canadian government.

In 1981 Fontaine graduated from the University of Manitoba with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Studies. After graduation, he worked for the Southeast Resource Development Council as a Special Advisor to the Tribal Council, which was followed by his election to the position of Manitoba’s Vice Chief for the Assembly of First Nations. Fontaine was one of the Manitoba First Nation leaders who led the opposition of the Meech Lake Accord.

In 1991, he was elected Grand Chief of the Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs and served for three consecutive terms.

In 1997 he was elected National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations for the first time.

Following his first term as National Chief, Fontaine was appointed Chief Commissioner of the Indian Claims Commission. Under his term the land claim of the Kahkewistahaw First Nation was resolved, resulting in a $94.6 million agreement for the Saskatchewan band. Fontaine resigned from the ICC in 2003 in order to run for National Chief once again.

In July 2003, Fontaine was elected to his second term as National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations. He ran again and was re-elected in July 2006 with almost 76 per cent of the vote, defeating Bill Wilson of British Columbia. [http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060712/fontaine_afn_060712/20060712?hub=Canada&s_name=] In his third term, Fontaine says that he will attempt to bring the $5 billion Kelowna Accord negotiated in 2005 with the Liberal government of Paul Martin back to the table. The deal, aimed at improving living conditions and education for aboriginal people, was cancelled by the Conservative government of Stephen Harper.

In 2005, Fontaine successfully negotiated the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement, which will mean a financial contrbution of more than $5 billion dollars to survivors and programs for them. The IRSSA, which includes a Truth and Reconciliation Commission, was ratified by the federal Conservative government in May, 2006. In June, 2007, Fontaine, Prime Minister Harper, and Indian Affairs Minister Prentice announced a process to establish an independent tribunal to adjudicate Specific Land Claims.

Phil Fontaine has two children, Mike Fontaine and Maya Fontaine and five grandchildren. His nephew Jerry Fontaine served as chief of the Sagkeeng Nation from 1989 to 1998, and was a prominent aboriginal leader in Manitoba.

Awards and Honorary Degrees

* National Aboriginal Achievement Award (1996)
* Honorary Doctorate of Laws from Royal Military College of Canada (1999)
* Honorary Doctorate of Laws from Brock University (2004)
* Member of the Order of Manitoba (2004)
* Honorary Doctorate of Laws from Windsor University (2005)
* Honorary Doctorate of Laws from Lakehead University (2005)

Video Links

* [http://www.cbc.ca/thehour/video.php?id=1346 Phil on The Hour]

External links

* [http://www.afn.ca/ Assembly of First Nations]
* [http://www.afn.ca/article.asp?id=487 Biography of Phil Fontaine]
* [http://archives.cbc.ca/IDD-1-74-1622/people/phil_fontaine/ CBC Digital Archives – Phil Fontaine: Native diplomat and dealmaker]