I Know Where I'm Going!

This article is about the 1945 romance film. For the traditional Scottish or Irish folk song, see I Know Where I'm Going (song). For other uses of "I Know Where I'm Going", see I Know Where I'm Going.

I Know Where I'm Going!
theatrical poster
Directed by	Michael Powell Emeric Pressburger
Produced by	Michael Powell Emeric Pressburger George R. Busby (associate producer)
Written by	Michael Powell Emeric Pressburger
Starring	Wendy Hiller Roger Livesey
Music by	Allan Gray
Cinematography	Erwin Hillier
Editing by	John Seabourne Sr.
Distributed by	General Film Distributors
Release date(s)	16 November 1945 (UK) 9 August 1947 (US)
Running time	88 minutes
Country	United Kingdom
Language	English Gaelic
Budget	£200,000 (est.)

I Know Where I'm Going! is a 1945 romance film by the British-based film-makers Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger. It stars Wendy Hiller and Roger Livesey, and features Pamela Brown, Finlay Currie and Petula Clark in her fourth film appearance.

Plot

Joan Webster (Wendy Hiller) is a young middle-class Englishwoman with an ambitious, independent spirit. She knows where she's going, or she thinks she does. She travels from her home in Manchester to the Hebrides to marry Sir Robert Bellinger, a very wealthy, much older industrialist, on the Isle of Kiloran.

When bad weather postpones the final leg of her journey—a boat to Kiloran—she is forced to wait it out on the Isle of Mull, among a community of people whose values are quite foreign to her. There she meets Torquil MacNeil (Roger Livesey), a handsome naval officer trying to go home to Kiloran for some shore leave. They spend the night in the nearby home of Torquil's friend, Catriona Potts (Pamela Brown).

The next day, on their way to catch a bus into town, they come upon the ruins of Moy Castle. Joan wants to take a look inside, but Torquil refuses to go in. When she reminds him that the terrible curse only applies to the Laird of Kiloran, Torquil introduces himself: he is the laird, and Bellinger has only leased his island. As the bad weather turns into a full-scale gale, Torquil takes advantage of the delay to woo Joan, who becomes increasingly torn between her ambition and her growing attraction to him.

Desperate to salvage her carefully laid plans, Joan tries to persuade Ruairidh Mhór (Finlay Currie) to take her across to the island immediately, but the experienced sailor knows conditions are far too dangerous. Joan manages to bribe young Kenny (Murdo Morrison) into attempting it by offering him enough money to buy a half share in Ruairidh's boat and marry Ruairidh's daughter Bridie (Margot Fitzsimons). Torquil learns of the scheme and tries to talk Joan out of it, but when she proves adamant, he invites himself aboard. The boat's engine gets flooded and they are caught in the Corryvreckan whirlpool, but Torquil is able to restart the motor just in time and they return safely to Mull.

At last, the weather clears. Joan asks Torquil for a parting kiss before they go their separate ways. Torquil enters Moy Castle, and the curse takes effect almost immediately. Centuries earlier, Torquil's ancestor had stormed the castle to capture his unfaithful wife and her lover. He had them bound together and cast into a water-filled dungeon with only a small stone to stand upon. When their strength gave out, they dragged each other into the water, but not before she placed a curse on all the Lairds of Kiloran. Any who dared to step over the threshold would be chained to a woman to the end of his days. From the battlement, Torquil sees Joan marching resolutely toward him.

Cast

Joan and Torquil watching the céilidh dance

• Wendy Hiller as Joan Webster
• Roger Livesey as Torquil MacNeil
• Pamela Brown as Catriona
• Finlay Currie as Ruairidh Mhór
• George Carney as Mr. Webster
• Nancy Price as Mrs. Crozier
• Catherine Lacey as Mrs. Robinson, a chatterbox friend of Bellinger's who is vacationing in the area
• Jean Cadell as the Postmistress
• John Laurie as John Campbell, son of the couple whose diamond anniversary céilidh Torquil and Joan attend
• Valentine Dyall as Mr. Robinson, a business associate of Bellinger's and Mrs. Robinson's husband
• Norman Shelley as Sir Robert Bellinger (voice)
• Margot Fitzsimons as Bridie
• Murdo Morrison as Kenny
• Captain C.W.R. Knight as Colonel Barnstaple, falconer and friend of Torquil and Catriona
• Walter Hudd as Hunter, one of Bellinger's employees

Cast notes:

• Petula Clark played Cheril, the precocious daughter of the Robinsons, in her fourth film appearance.
• Making their third appearance in I Know Where I'm Going! were director Michael Powell's golden cocker spaniels Erik and Spangle, who had previously appeared in Contraband (1940) and The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943), and went on to be seen in Powell and Pressburger's A Matter of Life and Death, also known as Stairway to Heaven (1946).^[1]

Production

The original story and the whole screenplay were written in less than a week. Pressburger said it just flowed naturally.^[2]

The film was shot in black and white while Powell and Pressburger were waiting for Technicolor film to begin making their next film, A Matter of Life and Death (colour film was in short supply in wartime Britain). It was the second and last collaboration between the co-directors and cinematographer Erwin Hillier (who shot the entire film without using a light meter).^[3]

From various topographical references and a map briefly shown in the film, it is clear that the Isle of Kiloran is based on Colonsay. The name Kiloran was borrowed from one of Colonsay's bays, Kiloran Bay. The heroine of the film is trying to get to Kiloran (Colonsay), but nobody ever gets there. No footage was shot on Colonsay.

One of the most complex scenes is the small boat battling through the Corryvreckan whirlpool. This was a clever combination of footage shot at Corryvreckan between the Hebridean islands of Scarba and Jura and the Gray Dogs (Bealach a'Choin Ghlais) between Scarba and Lunga.^[4]

• There are some long distance shots looking down over the area, shot from one of the islands.
• There are some middle distance and close-up shots that were made from a small boat with a hand-held camera.
• There were some model shots, done in the tank at the studio. These had gelatin added to the water so that it would hold its shape better and would look better when scaled up. Usually the way that waves break and the size of water drops is a give-away for model shots done in a tank.
• Then there were also the close-up shots of the people in the boat. These were all done in the studio, with a boat on gimbals being rocked in all directions by some hefty studio hands while other studio hands threw buckets of water at them. These were filmed with the shots made from the boat with the hand-held camera projected behind them.
• Even then, there was further trickery where they joined together some of the long and middle distance shots with those made in the tank in a single frame.^[5]

Roger Livesey was not able to travel to Scotland, as he was performing in a West End play, The Banbury Nose by Peter Ustinov, so all of his scenes were shot in the studio at Denham and a double was used in all of his scenes shot in Scotland. These shots were then mixed so that the same scene would often have a middle distance shot of the double and then a closeup of Livesey or a shot of the double's back and then a shot showing Livesey's face.

John Laurie was the choreographer and arranger for the ceilidh sequences.^[6] The puirt a beul "Macaphee"^[7] was performed by Boyd Steven, Maxwell Kennedy and Jean Houston of the Glasgow Orpheus Choir.^[8]

Other music heard in the film is either traditional Scottish and Irish songs^[9] or original music composed for the film by Allan Gray.

Reception

The film has received accolades from many critics:

• "I've never seen a picture which smelled of the wind and rain in quite this way nor one which so beautifully exploited the kind of scenery people actually live with, rather than the kind which is commercialized as a show place." - Raymond Chandler, Letters.^[10]
• "The cast makes the best possible use of some natural, unforced dialogue, and there is some glorious outdoor photography." - The Times, November 14, 1945
• "[It] has interest and integrity. It deserves to have successors." - The Guardian, November 16, 1945
• "I reached the point of thinking there were no more masterpieces to discover, until I saw I Know Where I'm Going!" - Martin Scorsese^[3]
• The film critic Barry Norman included it among his 100 greatest films of all time.

References

Notes

1. ^ Erik at the Internet Movie Database, Spangle at the Internet Movie Database
2. ^ Kevin Macdonald (1994). Emeric Pressburger: The Life and Death of a Screenwriter. Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-16853-1. 
3. ^ ^{a b} In the documentary I Know Where I'm Going Revisited (1994) on the Criterion DVD
4. ^ "Corryvreckan Whirlpool in Scotland". http://www.whirlpool-scotland.co.uk/films.html. Retrieved 2007-04-15. 
5. ^ Powell, Michael (1986). A Life in Movies. London: Heinemann. p. 480. ISBN 0-434-59945-X. 
6. ^ Powell (1986: 537–538)
7. ^ Macaphee song
8. ^ Internet Movie Database
9. ^ Music in IKWIG
10. ^ "An interesting letter". http://www.powell-pressburger.org/Reviews/45_IKWIG/IKWIG06.html. Retrieved 2006-11-15. 

Bibliography

• Cook, Pam (4 November 2002). I know where I'm going!. London: British Film Institute. ISBN 9780851708140. 
• Powell, Michael (1986). A Life in Movies (autobiography). London: Heinemann. ISBN 043459945X. 
• Powell, Michael (1992). Million Dollar Movie (The second volume of his autobiography). London: Heinemann. ISBN 0434599476. 

External links

• I Know Where I'm Going! at the Internet Movie Database
• I Know Where I'm Going! at the TCM Movie Database
• I Know Where I'm Going! at AllRovi
• I Know Where I'm Going! at the British Film Institute's Screenonline. Full synopsis and film stills (and clips viewable from UK libraries).
• Reviews and articles at the Powell & Pressburger Pages
• Criterion Collection essay by Ian Christie
• I Know Where I'm Going! Revisited at the Internet Movie Database. A documentary about the people and places in the film.
• I Know Where I'm Going! resource page.

DVD reviews

Region 1

• Review by DVD Savant
• Review by Megan Ratner at Bright Lights

Region 2

• Review by Noel Megahey at DVD Times (UK)
• Review (in French) at DVD Classik (France)