English Civil War timeline

This is a timeline of events leading up to, culminating in, and resulting from the English Civil Wars.

Events prior to the English Civil War

:main|English Civil War
*1625 - Charles I of England accedes to the English throne, and shortly after marries a French Roman Catholic princess, Henrietta Maria
*1626 - Parliament dismisses George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham from command of English forces in Europe; Charles, furious, dismisses Parliament.
*1628 - Charles recalls Parliament; Parliament draws up Petition of Right which Charles reluctantly accepts. John Felton murders George Villiers in Portsmouth.
*1629 - Charles dismisses Parliament and does not call it again until 1640.
*1633 - William Laud appointed Archbishop of Canterbury.
*1637 - Charles attempts to impose Anglican services on the Presbyterian Church of Scotland, Jenny Geddes reacts starting a tumult which leads to the National Covenant.
*1639-1640 - Bishops' Wars in Scotland.

1640

*Charles recalls Parliament to raise funds: this was the Short Parliament, which was promptly dismissed by Charles.
*October 26 - Charles forced to sign the Treaty of Ripon.
*November - Charles again summons Parliament; this was the Long Parliament.

1641

*December - The Grand Remonstrance is presented to the King.

1642 until the outbreak of the war

*February 23 - Henrietta Maria goes to the Netherlands with Princess Mary and the crown jewels.
*June 2 - The Nineteen Propositions rejected.

The First English Civil War

:main|First English Civil War

Events of 1642

*July Charles I of England besieges the city of Kingston upon Hull in order to secure its arsenal.
*22 August, Charles I of England raises his standard at Nottingham and the war commences
*23 September, Battle of Powick Bridge.
*23 October, Battle of Edgehill
*12 November, Battle of Brentford.
*13 November, Battle of Turnham Green

Events of 1643

* 19 January, Battle of Braddock Down
* 19 March, Battle of Hopton Heath
* 30 March, Battle of Seacroft Moor
* 16 May, Battle of Stratton
* 18 June, Battle of Chalgrove Field John Hampden killed in the skirmish
* 30 June, Battle of Adwalton Moor
* 5 July, Battle of Lansdowne (or Lansdown) fought near Bath.
* 13 July, Battle of Roundway Down fought near Devizes
* 20 September, First Battle of Newbury
* 11 October, Battle of Winceby

Events of 1644

The Scots marched South and joined Parliament's army threatening York.
* 26 January, Battle of Nantwich
* 29 March, Battle of Cheriton
* 29 June, Battle of Cropredy Bridge
* 2 July, Battle of Marston Moor
* 27 October, Second Battle of Newbury
* 13 September, Second Battle of Aberdeen

Events of 1645

* 9 May, Battle of Auldearn
* 16 June, Battle of Naseby
* 2 July, Battle of Alford
* 15 August, Battle of Kilsyth
* 13 September, Battle of Philiphaugh
* 24 September, Battle of Rowton Heath
* Surrender of Leicester
* October fear of Royalist attack in south Lincolnshire
* Charles went to Welbeck, Nottinghamshire
* 17 December Siege of Hereford ended with the surrender of Royalist garrison.

Events of 1646

* 18 January, Siege of Dartmouth ended with the surrender of Royalist garrison.
* 3 February, Siege of Chester ended with the surrender of Royalist garrison after a 136 day siege.
* 16 February, Battle of Torrington victory for the New Model Army
* 10 March, Ralph Hopton surrenders the Royalist army at Tresillian bridge in Cornwall.
* 21 March, Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold the last pitched battle of the First Civil War is a victory for the New Model Army
* 5 May Charles surrendered to a Scottish army at Southwell, Nottinghamshire
* 13 April Siege of Exeter ended with the surrender of Royalist garrison.
* 6 May Newark fell to the Parliamenterians
* 24 June, Siege of Oxford ended with the surrender of Royalist garrison.
* 22 July, Siege of Worcester ended with the surrender of Royalist garrison.
* 27 July after a 65 day siege Wallingford Castle, The last English royalist stronghold, surrenders to Sir Thomas Fairfax.

Events of 1647

* 19 August Royalist garrison of Raglan Castle surrendered
* 31 August Montrose escaped from the Highlands
* 13 March Harlech Castle the last Royalist Stronghold surrendered to the Parliametry forces.

The Second English Civil War

:main|Second English Civil War

Events of 1648

* 8 May Battle of St. Fagans
* 16 May(?) – July 11 Siege of Pembroke
* 24 June Battle of Maidstone
* 13 June – August 28 Siege of Colchester
* 17 August – August 19 Battle of Preston
* December – Pride's Purge, when troops under Colonel Thomas Pride removed opponents of Oliver Cromwell from Parliament by force of arms
* August 28 On the evening of the surrender of Colchester, Royalist Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lisle were shot

Events of 1649

*20 January 1649, The trial of Charles I of England by the High Court of Justice begins
*27 January 1649, The death warrant of Charles I of England is signed
*30 January 1649, Charles I of England executed by beheading
*5 February 1649, The eldest son of Charles I, Charles, proclaimed King of Scots in Edinburgh, Scotland
*9 March 1649, Engager Duke of Hamilton, Royalist Earl of Holland, and Royalist Lord Capel were beheaded at Westminster
*24 March 1649, The capitulation of Pontefract Castle which, even after the death of Charles I, remained loyal to Charles II

Third English Civil War

:main|Third English Civil War

1650

* 1 December, Battle of Hieton, Scotland (skirmish)
* 3 September, Battle of Dunbar, Scotland

1651

* 1 January, Charles II crowned King of Scots at Scone, Scotland
* 20 July, Battle of Inverkeithing, Scotland
* 25 August, Battle of Wigan Lane (skirmish)
* 3 September, Battle of Worcester, England
* 16 October, Charles II landed in Normandy, France, after successfully fleeing England

Events after the English Civil War

* 1650-1660, English Interregnum
** 1649-1653, The first period of the Commonwealth of England
** 1653-1658, The Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell
** 3 September 1658, Death of Oliver Cromwell
** 1658-1659, The Protectorate under Richard Cromwell
** 1659-1660, The second period of the Commonwealth of England
* 1660, English Restoration and the return of King Charles II of England
**July 1660, Richard Cromwell left England for France where he went by a variety of pseudonyms, including “John Clarke”
** 1660-1662, The trials and executions of the regicides of Charles I
** 30 January 1661, On the 12th anniversary of the beheading of Charles I, the exhumed remains of Oliver Cromwell were posthumously executed (Cromwell's severed head was displayed on a pole outside Westminster Abbey until 1685)

Links to other English Civil War timelines

* [http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/timelines/index.htm A national Civil War timeline]
* [http://boar.org.uk/oriwxs5CivilWarLincs(chron.htm Events in and around Lincolnshire]
* Cornwall in the English Civil War