Nechung

Naiqung Monastery
Tibetan name
Tibetan	གནས་ཆུང་དགོན།
Wylie transliteration	gnas-chung lcog
Chinese name
traditional	乃琼寺
Nechung Location within Tibet
Coordinates:	29°40′17″N 91°3′21″E / 29.67139°N 91.05583°E / 29.67139; 91.05583
Monastery information
Location	Naiqung Town, Doilungdêqên Zong, Lhasa City, Tibet, China
Type	Tibetan Buddhist
Sect	Gelug
Lineage	Seat of the State Oracle of Tibet.

Naiqung Monastery, Naiqung Jog (Tibetan: གནས་ཆུང་དགོན།; ZYPY: Naiqung Jog "the small dwelling", Chinese: 乃琼寺), or Naiqung Goinba (Tibetan: གནས་ཆུང་དགོན་པ།; ZYPY: Naiqung Gönba), is the seat of the State Oracle of Tibet.

It is also referred to as Sungi Gyelpoi Tsenkar, the "Demon Fortress of the Oracle King."^[1]

It is about 10 minutes walk down from Drepung Monastery, and was the residence of the three-headed, six-armed Pehar, the chief protector of the Gelugs (Yellow Hat sect) and the seat of the State Oracle or Nechung Oracle.^[2] It is medium-sized temple which used to house about a hundred monks.^[3]

History and functions

It was the seat of State Oracle until 1959 when he fled with the Dalai Lama to India who now lives in exile in Dharamsala, India. The Dalai Lamas traditionally always consulted him before making an important decision.^[4]

It was the residence of the Protector Pehar, a deity of the Horpas, who lived to the east of (Lake) Kokonor. According to tradition, he is held to have been originally brought to Samye Monastery by Padmasambhava who bound him to protect the dharma.^[5] An alternative story is that he was brought back by a Bon general, Tara Lugong, who took possession of the meditation school near Kanchow of the Bhaţa Hor, a tribe of Uighurs, about the end of the 8th century CE. Pehar was regarded as the guardian deity of the treasures of Samye Monastery and, later, as the 'protector of religion'.^[6]

During the time of Lobsang Gyatso, the Fifth Dalai Lama (r. 1642-1682), Pehar was first moved from Samye to Tse Gugtang and then to the present site of Nechung Monastery.^[7]

Although the State Oracle is a Nyingma monk, he has been adopted by the Gelugpas and is now chosen for his receptivity to possession by Pehar during trance.^[8] He is considered to be the medium of Dorje Drakden, one of Pehar's aspects.^[9]

When the State Oracle is possessed by Pehar, he becomes very agitated, with tongue lolling, bloodshot eyes and displays superhuman strength, lifting heavy weights, twisting swords, etc. He mumbles words which are recorded and then interpreted by monks and also blesses grain which is thrown to the crowd.^[10][11]

Prayer wheels at Nechung Chok, Lhasa

Unlike most Central Asian shamans, who are thought to leave their bodies when in a trance-like state and travel to the land of the spirits from where they bring back messages, Tibetan oracles act "as a mouthpiece for the gods or spirits who possess him and speak through him, very often without his own knowledge of what is being said, answering directly the questions of those who consult him." The tradition of oracles was inherited from the pre-Buddhist religion of Tibet, Bön. The "great" Fifth Dalai Lama was "the first to institutionalise the State Oracle of Nächung."^[12]

Nechung was almost completely destroyed during the Cultural Revolution and annexation of Tibet by China, though now, it has been largely restored and there is a huge new statue of Guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava) on the second floor.^[13] There is a college of debate to the east of Nechung which is once again attended by young students.

A new Nechung Monastery has been built in Dharamsala, India.^[14]

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  Retreat of the 13th Dalai Lama, Nechung, Tibet

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  Throne awaiting Dalai Lama's return. Retreat of the 13th Dalai Lama, Nechung, Tibet.

Footnotes

1. ^ Dowman (1988), pp. 66-67.
2. ^ Mayhew and Kohn (2005), p. 22.
3. ^ Chapman (1940), p. 201.
4. ^ Prince Peter (1979), pp. 51-56.
5. ^ Dowman (1988), p. 67.
6. ^ Stein (1972), pp. 68, 189.
7. ^ Dowman (1988), p. 67.
8. ^ Dowman (1988), p. 67.
9. ^ Mayhew and Kohn (2005), p. 22.
10. ^ Stein (1972), pp. 187-188.
11. ^ Chapman (1940), p. 317.
12. ^ Prince Peter (1979), p. 52.
13. ^ Mayhew and Kohn (2005), p. 22.
14. ^ Osada et al (2000), p. 83.

References

• Chapman, F. Spencer. (1940) Lhasa: The Holy City. Readers Union Ltd., London.
• Dowman, Keith (1988). The Power-places of Central Tibet: The Pilgrim's Guide. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London. ISBN 0-7102-1370-0.
• Mayhew, Bradley and Kohn, Michael. Tibet. (2005). Lonely Planet Publications. ISBN1-74059-523-8.
• (H.R.H. Prince) Peter of Greece and Denmark. (1979). "Tibetan Oracles." The Tibet Journal, Vo. 4, No. 2, Summer 1979, pp. 51-56.
• Osada et al (2000). Mapping the Tibetan World. Yukiyasu Osada, Gavin Allwright, and Atsushi Kanamaru. Reprint: 2004. Kotan Publishing, Tokyo. ISBN 0-9701716-0-9.
• Stein, R. A. (1972). Tibetan Civilization. Stanford University Press.

External links

• Nechung the State Oracle of Tibet by David Cherniack

• CD Recording of the Nechung Monks Traditional Chants of Tibet