Eagle Mk1

Racing car
Car_name = Eagle Mk1 ("T1G")


Category = Formula One
F1 car = Y
Constructor = All American Racers
Designer = Len Terry
Team = Anglo American Racers
Drivers = flagicon|USA Dan Gurney
flagicon|USA Phil Hill
flagicon|NZL Bruce McLaren
Chassis = Aluminium/Titanium-magnesium monocoque
Front suspension = Lower wishbone with single top links.
Rear suspension = As front.
Wheelbase = Auto in|96.4|0
Track = Auto in|60|0
Engine name = Gurney-Weslake Type 58
Capacity = Auto cc-cu in|2997|1
Configuration = V12
Turbo/NA = naturally aspirated,
Engine position = mid-engined, longitudinally mounted
Gearbox name = Hewland DG300
Gears = 5-speed
Type = manual
Differential =
Fuel = Shell
Tyres = Goodyear
Debut = 1966 Belgian Grand Prix,
Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps.
Races = 26
Wins = 1
Cons_champ =
Drivers_champ =
Poles = 0
Fastest_laps = 2
The Eagle Mk1, commonly referred to as the Eagle T1G, was a Formula One racing car, designed by Len Terry for Dan Gurney's Anglo American Racers team. The Eagle, introduced for the start of the 1966 Formula One season, is widely regarded as being one of the most beautiful cars ever raced at the top levels of international motorsport. Initially appearing with a 2.7L Coventry Climax inline 4-cylinder engine, the car was designed around a 3.0L Gurney-Weslake V12 which was introduced after its first four races. In the hands of team boss Gurney, the Eagle-Weslake won the 1967 Belgian Grand Prix, making Dan Gurney only the second driver at the time, and one of only three to date, to win a Formula One Grand Prix in a car of their own construction. That win in Belgium still stands as the only F1 victory for a USA-built car.

Design

A highly successful motor racing driver in many disciplines, Dan Gurney had been driving in Formula One since the early 1960s. While driving for the Brabham works team, he joined with a group of prominent motor racing figures and financial backers in the United States, including Carroll Shelby, to found "All American Racers". Inspired by the performance of Jack Brabham and Bruce McLaren's own teams, AAR decided to enter Grand Prix racing. Then as now, the main engineering hub for Formula One manufacturers was in the United Kingdom, so AAR set up a subsidiary team known as "Anglo American Racers" which, while registered and based in the USA, was named in deference to the cars' British Weslake engines.

To achieve AAR's dual aims of winning in both Formula One and Champ Car formulae, AAR hired ex-Lotus designer Len Terry to work for the American outfit. His brief was to create a chassis that could be used both for the twisting road course circuits of the F1 series, as well as the broad ovals of the North American series. Terry was ideally placed to be able to fulfill such a brief, having just completed the 1965 Indianapolis 500-winning Lotus 38 for Colin Chapman's team.

The design of the Mk1, and its Indy sister design the Mk2, closely followed the 38, with a riveted aluminium monocoque central section, carrying an unstressed engine mounted behind the driver. The lines of the chassis were remarkably clean and elegant, and the car sported a distinctively beaked radiator opening at the front. Suspension components were mounted directly on to this monocoque, and consisted of a comparatively conservative lower wishbone and single top link for each wheel. The Mk1 was designed around the forthcoming, Aubrey Woods-designed Weslake V12 engine while the Mk2, essentially the same chassis design, was intended to accept the quad-cam Ford V8 that had powered the last two Indy 500 winners.

While four Mk2 chassis, complete with Ford V8s, were ready for the 1966 Indianapolis 500 race, the Weslake V12 was not available for the start of the Formula one season. The first Mk1s took to the track with old Coventry Climax inline-4 FPF engines in their place. Once the Weslake was ready however, the car proved to be highly competitive, if unreliable. The high-revving V12 had unfortunately been constructed using old machine tools, and so tolerances and part interchangeability were poor. Nevertheless, when running the Weslake was an immediately arresting engine, with a distinctive V12-scream, and provided over 360bhp even in its first incarnation. By the end of the 1967 season this figure was over 400bhp, easily competing with the Ferrari and Honda V12s, and the newly-introduced Cosworth DFV V8.

Three Mk1 chassis were produced with the original aluminium construction, but the fourth incorporated advanced and exotic metal alloys. This included extensive use of titanium for many of the componentry, and a high percentage of magnesium sheets in the monocoque panelwork. Owing to its novel construction materials this car, chassis number 104, was referred to as the "Ti-Mag Car". Gurney was well-aware of the risks involved in driving a car made from such flammable materials. After witnessing Jo Schlesser's death in a magnesium-fuelled fireball during the 1968 French Grand Prix, Gurney compared racing in 104 to "driving a Ronson cigarette lighter".

Race history

The Eagle Mk1 made its race debut at the 1966 Belgian Grand Prix, with a single car entered for Dan Gurney. The Eagle made an instant visual impact, with its gracefully crafted chassis clothed in dark blue paint, with a white-lipped radiator opening and a single white stripe running the length of the car's dorsal surface; an elegant interpretation of the USA national racing colours. Unfortunately for the team the car, despite its good looks, failed to finish. For the intrduction of the new V12 engine at the 1966 Italian Grand Prix, Gurney took the wheel of the new car, and was joined by compatriot Phil Hill in the older Eagle-Climax. Once again it was an inauspicious start, with Hill failing to qualify, and Gurney retiring during the race. Gurney did score points during the season, at both the French and Mexican events, but on both occasions this was with the Climax-powered car.

For the 1967 Formula One season the Climax engines were dropped, and all chassis ran as Eagle-Weslake machines. The season proved to be intensely frustrating for all concerned. Although Gurney and sometime team-mate Bruce McLaren managed to qualify the Eagle-Weslake cars in the front two rows of the grid on no fewer than eleven occasions from the season's eleven Grands Prix, only two cars finished a race. That both of these finishes were in podium positions highlights the raw speed of the Eagle Mk1. AAR's first major race win came in the 1967 Race of Champions at Brands Hatch, with Gurney taking the alumnium-chassied 102 to victory in this prestigious non-Championship season opener. 104 was introduced early in F1|1967; the lightest and fastest of the Eagle Mk1 vehicles, it was with this car that Gurney scored the team's only Championship victory: the 1967 Belgian Grand Prix.

By 1968, and despite increasing success in their native series, Anglo American Racers were starting to run short of funds. Development of the Eagle Mk1 was halted as the team ploughed what little funding it had into the design of its successor, the projected Mk6. Nevertheless, Gurney persisted with the older car for the first half of the 1968 season, but was only rewarded with a handful of retirements and one single, ninth-placed finish. With the obviously unreliable car also, thanks to its intricate V12 engine, being one of the more expensive cars on the grid to maintain, AAR bought a McLaren M7A. Ironically it was with the McLaren, built by his previous year's AAR team-mate, that Gurney scored the team's only points of the season. At the end of the season AAR closed the doors on their foray into Grand Prix racing, to concentrate their efforts on USAC racing.

The last appearance of an Eagle Mk1 in a Formula One race was when Canadian Al Pease privately entered the first chassis, number 101, for the 1969 Canadian Grand Prix. The Eagle-Climax car was disqualified for being too slow.

The basic Mk1/Mk2 chassis design continued to be used in American National Championship races into the early 1970s. In common with most cars of the time, experimental wings and other aerodynamic aids - including the eponymous Gurney flap - were added to Terry's lithe chassis lines over the years, reducing the cars' visual impact.

Name confusion

Although commonly referred to as the "T1G", Dan Gurney has stated that this was never the car's official designation.Zimmermann, J. 2007. "The Eagle was grounded". Motor Sport, LXXXIII (March 2007)] Instead, the car was simply the "Eagle Mark 1". Hence, the four chassis produced were numbered 101, 102, 103 and 104 (the "Ti-Mag" car). The Indianapolis sister cars were the Mk2, with subsequent Indy designs also taking model numbers 3 and 4. The Mk5 was an aborted Formula Atlantic chassis, while Mk6 was the designation given to the still-born Formula One successor to the Mk1. With AAR's withdrawal from Grand Prix racing at the end of 1968, the team reverted to a year-based chassis numeration scheme, with Indy chassis from 1971 onward taking numbers (e.g. 71xx) according to their year of design.

References

Footnotes

Bibliography

*cite book |last= Ludvigsen |first= Karl |authorlink= Karl Ludvigsen |title= Gurney's Eagles: the Exciting Story of the AAR Racing Cars |year= 2001 |publisher= Motorbooks International |location= |isbn= 978-0760312193
*cite book |last= Ludvigsen |first= Karl |authorlink= Karl Ludvigsen |title= Dan Gurney: The Ultimate Racer |year= 2000 |publisher= Haynes Publishing |location= |isbn= 978-1859606551

Online references

* [http://www.ultimatecarpage.com/frame.php?file=car.php&carnum=118 Eagle T1G history and photos at Ultimatecarpage.com]
* [http://www.chicanef1.com/indiv.pl?name=Eagle%20T1G&type=M Eagle T1G statistics and information at ChicaneF1.com]
* [http://www.ddavid.com/formula1/eagle67.htm Eagle-Weslake history at ddavid.com]
* [http://www.allf1.info/teams/eagle.php Eagle overview at allF1.info]
* [http://www.gurney-weslake.co.uk/ Official Gurney-Weslake home page]

External links

* [http://www.flickr.com/photo_zoom.gne?id=185182847&size=l Simply gorgeous photo of Dan Gurney at the wheel of a Mk1, sadly on a CC-nc licence so can't upload.]
* [http://www.gurney-weslake.co.uk/ Gurney Weslake homepage.]