Mary River Turtle

Taxobox
name = Mary River Turtle
status = EN | status_system = IUCN2.3


image_caption =
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Sauropsida
ordo = Testudines
subordo = Pleurodira
familia = Chelidae
genus = "Elusor"
species = "E. macrurus"
binomial = "Elusor macrurus"The Mary River Turtle, "Elusor macrurus", is an endangered short-necked turtle that inhabits the Mary River in South-East Queensland, Australia. In the 1960's and 1970's, they were popular as pets in Australia, with about 15,000 sent to shops every year during a ten year period. They were originally known as the "Pet Shop" turtle. Hatchlings have a SCL (Straight Carapace Length) of between 2-3.5 cm.

The Mary River Turtle was described by Cann & Legler (1994) it is a monotypic genus representing a very old lineage of turtles that has all but disappeared from the evolutionary history of Australia. It is one of Australia’s largest species of turtles. Specimens in excess of 50 cm carapace length have been recorded. Adult Mary River turtles have an elongated, streamlined carapace that can be plain in colour or beautifully patterned. Overall colour can vary from rusty red to brown and almost black. The plastron varies from cream to pale pink. The skin colouration is similar to that of the shell and often has salmon pink present on the tail and limbs. The iris can be pale blue. The species utilises bimodal respiration and are therefore capable of absorbing oxygen via the cloaca whilst underwater, however they do regularly come to the surface to breathe.

A unique feature of Male Mary River turtles' is the tail, which can measure almost two thirds of the carapace length.The tail has haemal arches, a feature lost in all other modern turtles. It is probably a derived feature but its function is not understood. Another unique feature is the exceptionally long barbels under the mandible. Proportionately, the Mary River turtle has the smallest head and largest hind feet of all the species within the catchment, which contributes to its distinction of being the fastest swimmer. This species is currently listed as endangered under Queensland's Nature Conservation Act 1992, and under the federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999; plus the International conservation body, IUCN, lists it as endangered on the IUCN Red List. They are Australia's second most endangered freshwater turtle species, next to the Western swamp turtle ("Pseudemydura umbrina") of Western Australia. Mary River turtles are also listed in the world's top 25 most endangered turtle species.

Australia's first reptile based, non-profit conservation organisation, [http://www.aftcra.org.au AFTCRA Inc.] (The Australian Freshwater Turtle Conservation and Research Association), were the first to breed this species in captivity for release into the wild in 2007.

References and external links

* [http://www.aftcra.org.au AFTCRA Inc. The Australian Freshwater Turtle Conservation and Research Association]
* [http://www.gympielandcare.org.au/species/turtle.htm Gympie Land Care]
* [http://www.amonline.net.au/factsheets/mary_river_turtle.htm Amonline]
* [http://www.qm.qld.gov.au/features/endangered/animals/river_turtle.asp www.qm.qld.gov.au/features/endangered/animals/river_turtle.asp]
* [http://i10.photobucket.com/albums/a136/Expansa1/AdultmaleMRT600.jpgImage of the Mary River Turtle]