James Madison (Episcopal bishop)

The Right Reverend James Madison (August 27, 1749 – March 6, 1812) was the first bishop of the Diocese of Virginia of the Episcopal Church, USA, and served as the eighth president of the College of William and Mary.

Youth, education

Born in Port Republic, in Augusta County, near Staunton, Virginia, he was the son of John and Agatha (née Strother) Madison. He was educated at home and at a private school in Maryland, before attending the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia where he graduated with high honors in 1771. On July 29, 1772, he received the gold medal given as a prize for classical learning by the Royal Governor of Virginia, Norborne Berkeley, 4th Baron Botetourt, who is better known in Virginia as "Lord Botetourt". [ [http://books.google.com/books?id=Ob-YsASF844C&pg=PA328&lpg=PA328&dq=bishop+james+madison+chapel+william+and+mary&source=web&ots=5pfnssqJOa&sig=4wxd2YOWt6dWlI4-TsePkVlHQdI Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography] ]

He read law with George Wythe, and was admitted to the bar, though he did not practice law. [ [http://research.history.org/Historical_Research/Research_Themes/ThemeReligion/Madison.cfm Colonial Williamsburg, biography of Bishop James Madison] ]

Dual career: educator and theologian

Madison taught philosophy and mathematics at the college from 1773 to 1775, when he went to England to be ordained a priest of the Church of England. He returned to the Colony of Virginia, and was serving as an instructor at William and Mary as the hostilities which led to the American Revolutionary War broke out.

He was a cousin of James Madison (1751-1836), a member of the Virginia General Assembly, the first four sessions of the U.S. Congress, and the fourth President of the United States. Both Madisons were heavily involved in the issues of Freedom of Religion and the Separation of Church and State.

In 1777, Madison served as chaplain of the Virginia House of Delegates and organized his students into a militia company. The same year, Loyalist sympathies of the College President, the Reverend John Camm (who had been the initial litigant in the Parson's Cause case 1758-1764), brought about his removal from the faculty. Madison became the 8th president of the College of William and Mary in October, 1777, the first after separation from England. [10]

As the College's President, Madison worked with the new leaders of Virginia, most notably Thomas Jefferson, on a reorganization and changes for the College which included the abolition of the Divinity School and the Indian School, which was also known as the Brafferton School. The 1693 royal charter provided that Indian School of the College educate American Indian youth. The College's founder, Reverend Dr. James Blair had arranged financing for that purpose using dedicated income from England which was interrupted by the Revolutionary War. By 1779, the Brafferton School had permanently closed, although "The Brafferton", as it is known in modern times, remains a landmark building dating to the Colonial Period on the campus. [ [http://www.virginiavignettes.org/?p=21 Virginia Vignettes: What Was the Brafferton School?] ] Along with establishment of new, firmer financial footing, the creation of the graduate schools in law and medicine officially made the "College" a school meeting the contemporary definition of a "university" by 1779, notwithstanding the retention of the word College in the original name (as set forth in the 1693 Royal Charter).

The Reverend Dr. Madison also presided over the first convention of the newly formed Diocese of Virginia of the Episcopal Church, USA, Diocese of Virginia in 1785 and was consecrated as a bishop on September 19, 1790, in Canterbury, England. Despite the concerns of some patriots, the Right Reverend Dr. Madison, or Bishop James Madison, as he came to be known, successfully served both the College of William and Mary and the Diocese of Virginia separately during the important transitional period.

He remained as President of the College of William and Mary for 35 years, serving until his death. When he died on March 6, 1812, he was interred in the chapel of the College in Williamsburg, Virginia.

Heritage

Although he is not generally regarded as one of the founding fathers of the United States, his role in successfully helping restructure and lead both the College of William and Mary and the Church of England in the United States during and after the American Revolution was a major contribution to the new country. In modern times, Madison Hall at the College's campus adjacent to Colonial Williamsburg is named in his honor, as is the Bishop James Madison Society, a secret society which was founded in 1812 immediately after his death.

Consecrators:

* The Most Reverend John Moore, 88th Archbishop of Canterbury
* The Right Reverend Beilby Porteus, Bishop of London
* The Right Reverend John Thomas, Bishop of RochesterJames Madison was the 4th bishop consecrated for the Episcopal Church.

References

* [http://research.history.org/Historical_Research/Research_Themes/ThemeReligion/Madison.cfm A Biographical Sketch of Bishop James Madison] Emma L. Powers, Colonial Williamsburg

ee also

* Succession of Bishops of the Episcopal Church in the United States
* College of William and Mary

External links

* [http://www.wm.edu College of William and Mary]
* [http://thediocese.net Episcopal Diocese of Virginia]