- CXC chemokine receptors
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CXCR1 Identifiers Symbol IL8RA Entrez 3577 OMIM 146929 RefSeq NM_000634 UniProt P25024 Other data Locus Chr. 2 q35 CXCR2 Identifiers Symbol IL8RB Entrez 3579 OMIM 146928 RefSeq NM_001557 UniProt P25025 Other data Locus Chr. 2 q35 CXCR3 Identifiers Symbol CXCR3 Entrez 2833 OMIM 300574 RefSeq NM_001504 UniProt P49682 Other data Locus Chr. X q13 CXCR4 Identifiers Symbol CXCR4 Entrez 7852 OMIM 162643 RefSeq NM_001008540 UniProt P61073 Other data Locus Chr. 2 q21 CXCR5 Identifiers Symbol BLR1 Entrez 643 OMIM 601613 RefSeq NM_001716 UniProt P32302 Other data Locus Chr. 11 q23 CXCR6 Identifiers Symbol CXCR6 Entrez 10663 OMIM 605163 RefSeq NM_006564 UniProt O00574 Other data Locus Chr. 3 p21 CXCR7 Identifiers Symbol CMKOR1 Alt. symbols RDC1 Entrez 57007 RefSeq NM_020311 UniProt P25106 Other data Locus Chr. 2 q37 CXC chemokine receptors are integral membrane proteins that specifically bind and respond to cytokines of the CXC chemokine family. They represent one subfamily of chemokine receptors, a large family of G protein-linked receptors that are known as seven transmembrane (7-TM) proteins since they span the cell membrane seven times. There are currently seven known CXC chemokine receptors in mammals, named CXCR1 through CXCR7.
Contents
CXCR1 and CXCR2
CXCR1 and CXCR2 are closely related receptors that recognize CXC chemokines that possess an E-L-R amino acid motif immediately adjacent to their CXC motif. CXCL8 (otherwise known as interleukin-8) and CXCL6 can both bind CXCR1 in humans, while all other ELR-positive chemokines, such as CXCL1 to CXCL7 bind only CXCR2.[1][2] They are both expressed on the surface of neutrophils in mammals.
CXCR3
CXCR3 is predominantly expressed on T lymphocytes, and also on other lymphocytes (some B cells and NK cells) and is highly induced following cell activation. There are two isoforms, CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B.[3] It has three highly related ligands in mammals, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11.[4][5]
CXCR4
CXCR4 (also known as fusin) is the receptor for a chemokine known as CXCL12 (or SDF-1) and, as with CCR5, is utilized by HIV-1 to gain entry into target cells. This receptor has a wide cellular distribution, with expression on most immature and mature hematopoietic cell types (e.g. neutrophils, monocytes, T and B cells, dendritic cells, Langerhans cells and macrophages). In addition, CXCR4 can also be found on vascular endothelial cells and neuronal/nerve cells.
CXCR5
The chemokine receptor CXCR5 is selectively expressed on B cells and is involved in lymphocyte homing and the development of normal lymphoid tissue. Its principle ligand is CXCL13 (or BLC).[6]
CXCR6
Was formerly called three different names (STRL33, BONZO, and TYMSTR) before being assigned CXCR6 based on its chromosomal location (within the chemokine receptor cluster on human chromosome 3p21) and its similarity to other chemokine receptors in its gene sequence. CXCR6 binds the ligand CXCL16. Curiously, though, CXCR6 is structurally more closely related to CC chemokine receptors than to other CXC chemokine receptors
CXCR7
CXCR7 was originally called RDC-1 (an orphan receptor) but has since been shown to cause chemotaxis in T lymphocytes in response to CXCL12 (the ligand for CXCR4) prompting the renaming of this molecule as CXCR7.[7] There is no information publicly available to confirm whether this designation has been accepted by the IUIS/WHO Subcommittee on Chemokine Nomenclature at this time. This receptor has also been identified on memory B cells.
References
- ^ Tsai, H.-H., Frost, E., To, V., Robinson, S., ffrench-Constant, C., Geertman, R., Ransohoff, R.M., Miller, R.H. The chemokine receptor CXCR2 controls positioning of oligodendrocyte precursors in developing spinal cord by arresting their migration. Cell 110: 373-383, 2002.
- ^ Pelus LM, Fukuda S. Peripheral blood stem cell mobilization: the CXCR2 ligand GRObeta rapidly mobilizes hematopoietic stem cells with enhanced engraftment properties. Exp Hematol. 2006 Aug;34(8):1010-20. PMID = 16863907
- ^ Lasagni L, Francalanci M, Annunziato F, Lazzeri E, Giannini S, Cosmi L, Sagrinati C, Mazzinghi B, Orlando C, Maggi E, Marra F, Romagnani S, Serio M, Romagnani P. An alternatively spliced variant of CXCR3 mediates the inhibition of endothelial cell growth induced by IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC, and acts as functional receptor for platelet factor 4. J Exp Med. 2003 Jun 2;197(11):1537-49.
- ^ Tensen et al. Human IP-9: a keratinocyte derived high affinity CXC-chemokine ligand for the IP-10/Mig receptor (CXCR3). J. Invest. Dermatol. 112:716-722, 1999.
- ^ Booth et al. The CXCR3 binding chemokine IP-10/CXCL10: structure and receptor interactions. Biochemistry 41: 10418-10425, 2002.
- ^ Legler D.F., Loetscher M., Stuber Roos R., Clark-Lewis I., Baggiolini M., Moser B.; B cell-attracting chemokine 1, a human CXC chemokine expressed in lymphoid tissues, selectively attracts B lymphocytes via BLR1/CXCR5. J. Exp. Med. 187:655-660, 1998. PubMed : 9463416
- ^ Balabanian et al., The chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12 binds to and signals through the orphan receptor RDC1 in T lymphocytes, J Biol Chem, 2005, 280:35760-35766.
External links
- "Chemokine Receptors". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. http://www.iuphar-db.org/GPCR/ChapterMenuForward?chapterID=1280.
Cytokine receptors Chemokine receptor
(GPCRs)CXCOtherTNF receptor 1-1011-2021-25JAK-STAT OtherIg superfamily IL-17 family S/T Categories:- Genes on chromosome 2
- Genes on chromosome X
- Genes on chromosome 11
- Genes on chromosome 3
- Chemokine receptors
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