University of Costa Rica

. It is the oldest, largest, and most prestigious institution of higher learning in Costa Rica. Approximately 39,000 students attend UCR throughout the year.

History

The origins of the University dates back to the establishment of first university in Costa Rica, the University of St. Thomas ("Universidad de Santo Tomás"), established in 1843. That institution maintained close ties with the Roman Catholic Church and was closed in 1888 by the progressive and mildly anti-clerical government of President Bernardo Soto Alfaro as part of a campaign to modernize public education. The schools of law, agronomy, fine arts, and pharmacy continued to operate independently, but Costa Rica had no university proper until 1940, when those four schools were re-united to establish the modern UCR, during the reformist left-leaning administration of President Dr. Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia. Its current president for the term 2004-2008 is Yamileth Gonzalez Garcia.

Organization

The government structure of the university is composed by a Legislative Body ("Asamblea General"), Board of Directors ( [http://cu.ucr.ac.cr "Consejo Universitario"] ) , Presidency ( [http://rectoria.ucr.ac.cr "Rectoría"] ) , and the Offices ("Vicerrectorías") of Extension ("Acción Social") [http://www.vas.ucr.ac.cr] , Administrative Affairs ( [http://vra.ucr.ac.cr "Administación"] ) , Academic Affairs ( [http://www.vd.ucr.ac.cr "Docencia"] ) , Research ( [http://www.vinv.ucr.ac.cr "Investigación"] ) and Student Affairs ( [http://www.vve.ucr.ac.cr "Vida Estudiantil"] ) .

The UCR is divided into six major academic areas: Agricultural Sciences, Arts and Letters, Basic Sciences, Engineering, Health and Social Sciences. These areas are divided into Colleges, Schools and Departments, Research Centers and Institutes. The Graduate Studies System offers master and doctorate degrees in a variety of academic fields. Careers are as follows:

* [http://www.agro.ucr.ac.cr Agricultural Sciences]
** [http://www.agro.ucr.ac.cr/esc_economiaa.html Agricultural Economics]
** [http://www.agro.ucr.ac.cr/esc_zootecnia.html Animal Science ]
** [http://www.ta.ucr.ac.cr Food Science]
** [http://www.agro.ucr.ac.cr/esc_agronomia.html Plant Science]

* [http://faletras.le.ucr.ac.cr Arts and Letters]
** [http://fl.le.ucr.ac.cr Linguistics, Literature and Philology]
** [http://lm.le.ucr.ac.cr Modern Languages]
** Music
** [http://artesplasticas.ucr.ac.cr Painting, Engraving, Sculpture and Graphic Design]
** [http://www.teatro.ucr.ac.cr Performing Arts (Drama)]
** [http://fs.le.ucr.ac.cr Philosophy]

* [http://www.ciencias.ucr.ac.cr Basic Sciences]
** [http://biologia.ucr.ac.cr Biology]
** [http://www.equi.ucr.ac.cr Chemistry]
** [http://www.geologia.ucr.ac.cr Geology]
** [http://www.emate.ucr.ac.cr Mathematics]
** [http://www.fisica.ucr.ac.cr Physics]

* Engineering [http://www.fing.ucr.ac.cr]
** Agricultural Engineering [http://www.ingagri.ucr.ac.cr]
** Architecture [http://www.arquis.ucr.ac.cr]
** Chemical Engineering [http://www.eiq.ucr.ac.cr]
** Civil Engineering [http://www.eic.ucr.ac.cr]
** Computer and Information Sciences [http://www.ecci.ucr.ac.cr]
** Electrical Engineering [http://www.eie.ucr.ac.cr]
** Industrial Engineering [http://terraba.fing.ucr.ac.cr/~eiind]
** Mechanical Engineering [http://www.eim.ucr.ac.cr]
** Terrain Surveying [http://terraba.fing.ucr.ac.cr/~topo]

* Health [http://fmedicina.ucr.ac.cr]
** Dentistry
** Health Technologies
** Medicine & Surgery [http://www.emedic.ucr.ac.cr/celeste]
** Microbiology [http://www.micro.ucr.ac.cr]
** Nursing [http://www.enfermeria.ucr.ac.cr]
** Nutrition [http://www.nutricion.ucr.ac.cr]
** Pharmacology [http://www.farmacia.ucr.ac.cr]
** Public Sanitation [http://www.saludpublica.ucr.ac.cr]

* Social Sciences [http://www.fcs.ucr.ac.cr]
** Anthropology & Social Science [http://www.antropologiaysociologia.ucr.ac.cr]
** Economic Sciences [http://www.fce.ucr.ac.cr/eeco/paginas/economia.htm]
** Educational Sciences [http://fedu.ucr.ac.cr/index.html]
** Geography [http://geografia.fcs.ucr.ac.cr]
** History [http://historia.fcs.ucr.ac.cr]
** Law [http://www.derecho.ucr.ac.cr]
** Media Sciences [http://www.eccc.ucr.ac.cr]
** Political Sciences [http://ecp.fcs.ucr.ac.cr]
** Private Management (Business) [http://www.ean.ucr.ac.cr]
** Psychology [http://www.fcs.ucr.ac.cr/~psico]
** Public Management (Government & Customs) [http://www.eap.ucr.ac.cr]
** Social Work [http://www.ts.ucr.ac.cr]
** Statistical Sciences [http://www.estadistica.ucr.ac.cr]

Research institutes

The University manages 26 research institutes:

*Central American Population Studies Center (CCP)
*Electro-Chemical Energy Research Center (CELEQ)
*Agronomical Research Center (CIA)
*Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Center (CIBCM)
*Environmental Pollution Research Center (CICA)
*Research Center on Nuclear and Molecular Sciences ( CICANUM)
*Center for Research and Training on Public Management (CICAP)
*Center for Research on Materials Science & Engineering (CICIMA)
*Center for Research on Agribusiness (CIEDA)
*Center for Research on Sustainable Development (CIEDES)
*Center on Women Studies (CIEM)
*Research Center on Microscopic Structures (CIEMIC)
*Research Center on Tropical Diseases (CIET)
*Research Center on Geophysics (CIGEFI)
*Research Center on Seed Science (CIGRAS)
*Center for Central Americal Historical Studies (CIHAC)
*Research Center on Abnormal Hemoglobins and Related Ailments (CIHATA)
*Center of Studies on Latin American Identity and Culture (CIICLA)
*Institute of Investigations in Engineering (INII)
*Research Center on Sea Sciences (CIMAR)
*Research Center on Mathematics and Metha-mathematics (CIMM)
*Research Center on Pure and Applied Mathematics (CIMPA)
*Research Center on Animal Nutrition (CINA)
*Center on Space Research (CINESPA)
*Research Center on Plant Protection (CIPROC)
*Research Center on Natural Products (CIPRONA)
*National Research Center on Food Science (CITA) Other projects managed include one rainforest research station (Alberto Manuel Brenes Station), two agricultural research stations (Alfredo Volio and Fabio Baudrit stations [http://cariari.ucr.ac.cr/%7Eeefbm/] ), one botanical garden focused on orchid conservation (Lankester Botanical Garden), a planetarium [http://planetario.ucr.ac.cr] , two radio stations [http://www.radiouniversidad.ucr.ac.cr/static/index.htm] , one weekly newspaper [http://www.semanario.ucr.ac.cr/] and one television station [http://www.canal15.ucr.ac.cr/] .

Campuses and local branches

Since the UCR has a social duty, regional campuses and small local branches function throughout the country to reach rural Costa Ricans. In addition to its main campus in San Pedro, San Jose (Rodrigo Facio campus) existing regional options are:

*Western campus (San Ramon, Alajuela Province): includes a local branch in Tacares township, Grecia county
*Atlantic campus (Turrialba City, Cartago Province): includes a local branch in Paraiso township, Cartago province and another one in Guapiles township, Limón province
*Guanacaste campus (Liberia City, Guanacaste Province): includes a local branch in Santa Cruz township
*Limon City campus (Port Limón City).
*Pacific campus (Puntarenas Port).
*In 2006 a locale in Golfito county, an area close to the Panamanian border was opened

Local campuses and branches offer different study options, Limon and Puntarenas, for instance, being tourist areas, offer a career in Tourism management.

ocial relevance

The University, while neutral on most aspects of Costa Rican life, defines itself as a humanistic institution, and therefore it considers that technocratic forms of government where citizens are not taken into consideration run against democracy. Social work and research extension activities are thus encouraged. Also, in order to graduate most students must work as volunteers for a specific amount of time. This is called _es. Trabajo Comunal Universitario (University Community Service) and is organized by the University itself. The university is the most mentioned government institution in Costa Rican media, and its opinion is sought in scientific, ethic and economic matters. Costa Rica's president, Oscar Arias, many ministers, and heads of the country's public institutions are all UCR graduates.

The UCR is also part of the National Council of University Chairpersons ("Consejo Nacional de Rectores"), a watchdog body that overviews higher education quality.

International Cooperation

The University has international cooperation alliances with the DAAD (the German Academic Trust), the governments of Japan, France, Mexico, Spain, Taiwan (R.O.C.), the European Union, the OAS and US research institutions such as the Organization for Tropical Studies, whose headquarters in Costa Rica are located within UCR's central campus (Rodrigo Facio campus).

Academic cooperation agreements have been signed with the governments of the following countries (in alphabetical order): Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Denmark, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Honduras, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jamaica, Mexico, the Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Peru, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Russia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan (R.O.C), Uruguay, the United States of America, and Venezuela.

Events

The school calendar, as in the rest of Costa Rica, runs from February to December. The school year is divided into two semesters, plus one additional summer term that may be mandatory depending on the student's chosen career.

Semana U is an event held in the middle of the first semester and involves the participation of the different student organizations. There are many concerts, talks, expositions, and other activities. The next Semana Universitaria will be held during the third week of April, 2008.

Application

Costa Rican applicants to the UCR must take an admission test. This test is similar to the SAT in the US. The score of this test is used along with the grades from the student's last years in high school to determine the student's admission score, which is later used to determine admission to a specific major and financial aid. 800 is the highest possible score on the admission test and 400 is the minimum score required for admission. Students who score 800 usually appear in the front pages of Costa Rican newspapers, they usually apply for med school.

Undergraduate admission is highly selective, having an acceptance rate of approximately 30%. However, being admitted to the university doesn't assure admission to a chosen major. Usually, the best 80-150 applicants are admitted, depending on the school.

International applicants must revalidate their high school certificate and grades from their country of origin at the Ministry of Education in order to apply and take the admission test. Graduate school applicants must revalidate their undergraduate certificate also.

Transportation

An internal free shuttle moves students around its main campus and satellite areas (fincas) including the research city, the sports facilities, a cluster of laboratories and research centers detached from the main campus by a river and several neighborhoods. Transportation to San Jose downtown and neighbouring counties (cantones) is readily available either as part of subsidized transportation routes or thanks to San Jose's inexpensive bus and railway lines.

External links

* [http://www.ucr.ac.cr/ UCR Home Page]
* [http://www.rsn.geologia.ucr.ac.cr/ Red Sismológica Nacional]
* [http://www.cica.ucr.ac.cr/ Centro de Investigaciones en Contaminación Ambiental]
* [http://www.inii.ucr.ac.cr/ Institute of Investigations in Engineering]
* [http://www.inii.ucr.ac.cr/lpf Laboratory of Forest Products]
* [http://www.editorial.ucr.ac.cr/catrev.html UCR Journals]
* [http://www.semanario.ucr.ac.cr/ UCR Semanario] (Weekly Newspaper)