Furanocoumarin

Furanocoumarins, or furocoumarins, are a class of organic chemical compounds produced by a variety of plants. They are biosynthesized through either the phenylpropanoid pathway or the mevalonate pathway.

The chemical structure of furanocoumarins consists of a furan ring fused with coumarin. The furan may be fused in different ways producing several isomers. The compounds that form the core structure of the two most common isomers are psoralen and angelicin. Derivatives of these two core structures are referred to respectively as linear and angular furanocoumarins. [GoldBookRef|title=furanocoumarins|file=F02558 GoldBookRef|title=furocoumarins|file=F02562]

Many furanocoumarins are toxic and are produced by plants as a defense mechanism against various types of predators ranging from insects to mammals. [ [http://www.life.uiuc.edu/berenbaum/newpage1.htm Professor May Berenbaum's research page] - University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]

Furanocoumarins have other biological effects as well. For example, in humans, bergamottin and dihydroxybergamottin are responsible for the grapefruit juice effect, in which these furanocoumarins affect the metabolism of certain pharmaceutical drugs. [cite journal |author=Kakar SM, Paine MF, Stewart PW, Watkins PB |title=6',7'-Dihydroxybergamottin contributes to the grapefruit juice effect |journal=Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics |pmid=15179411 |year=2004 | volume=75 |issue=6 |pages=569–579 |doi=10.1016/j.clpt.2004.02.007 ]

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