AP-1 (transcription factor)

In molecular biology, the activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor which is a heterodimeric protein composed of proteins belonging to the c-Fos, c-Jun, ATF and JDP families. AP-1 upregulates transcription of genes containing the TPA response element (TRE; 5'-TGAG/CTCA-3).cite journal | author = Hess J, Angel P, Schorpp-Kistner M | title = AP-1 subunits: quarrel and harmony among siblings | journal = J. Cell. Sci. | volume = 117 | issue = Pt 25 | pages = 5965–73 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15564374 | doi = 10.1242/jcs.01589 | issn = ] AP-1 binds to DNA via a leucine zipper.cite journal | author = Glover JN, Harrison SC | title = Crystal structure of the heterodimeric bZIP transcription factor c-Fos-c-Jun bound to DNA | journal = Nature | volume = 373 | issue = 6511 | pages = 257–61 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7816143 | doi = 10.1038/373257a0 | issn = ]

Regulome

Regulome
activates = cAMP,cite journal | author = Proffitt J, Crabtree G, Grove M, Daubersies P, Bailleul B, Wright E, Plumb M | title = An ATF/CREB-binding site is essential for cell-specific and inducible transcription of the murine MIP-1 beta cytokine gene | journal = Gene | volume = 152 | issue = 2 | pages = 173–9 | year = 1995 | month = January | pmid = 7835696 | doi = 10.1016/0378-1119(94)00701-S | url = | issn = ] IL-2,cite journal | author = Rainio EM, Sandholm J, Koskinen PJ | title = Cutting edge: Transcriptional activity of NFATc1 is enhanced by the Pim-1 kinase | journal = J. Immunol. | volume = 168 | issue = 4 | pages = 1524–7 | year = 2002 | month = February | pmid = 11823475 | doi = 10.1016/0378-1119(94)00701-S | url = | issn = ] CREB,cite journal | author = Sanyal S, Sandstrom DJ, Hoeffer CA, Ramaswami M | title = AP-1 functions upstream of CREB to control synaptic plasticity in Drosophila | journal = Nature | volume = 416 | issue = 6883 | pages = 870–4 | year = 2002 | month = April | pmid = 11976688 | doi = 10.1038/416870a | url = | issn = ] WEE1,cite journal | author = Hirayama J, Cardone L, Doi M, Sassone-Corsi P | title = Common pathways in circadian and cell cycle clocks: light-dependent activation of Fos/AP-1 in zebrafish controls CRY-1a and WEE-1 | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 102 | issue = 29 | pages = 10194–9 | year = 2005 | month = July | pmid = 16000406 | pmc = 1177375 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0502610102 | url = | issn = ] OPN,cite journal | author = Wai PY, Mi Z, Gao C, Guo H, Marroquin C, Kuo PC | title = Ets-1 and runx2 regulate transcription of a metastatic gene, osteopontin, in murine colorectal cancer cells | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 281 | issue = 28 | pages = 18973–82 | year = 2006 | month = July | pmid = 16670084 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M511962200 | url = | issn = ] RD,cite journal | author = Collins-Hicok J, Lin L, Spiro C, Laybourn PJ, Tschumper R, Rapacz B, McMurray CT | title = Induction of the rat prodynorphin gene through Gs-coupled receptors may involve phosphorylation-dependent derepression and activation | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 14 | issue = 5 | pages = 2837–48 | year = 1994 | month = May | pmid = 8164647 | pmc = 358652 | doi = | url = | issn = ] MMP,cite journal | author = Behren A, Simon C, Schwab RM, Loetzsch E, Brodbeck S, Huber E, Stubenrauch F, Zenner HP, Iftner T | title = Papillomavirus E2 protein induces expression of the matrix metalloproteinase-9 via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/activator protein-1 signaling pathway | journal = Cancer Res. | volume = 65 | issue = 24 | pages = 11613–21 | year = 2005 | month = December | pmid = 16357172 | doi = 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-2672 | url = | issn = ] calpain-2, G1-Cyclin–dependent Kinases,cite journal | author = Hennigan RF, Stambrook PJ | title = Dominant negative c-jun inhibits activation of the cyclin D1 and cyclin E kinase complexes | journal = Mol. Biol. Cell | volume = 12 | issue = 8 | pages = 2352–63 | year = 2001 | month = August | pmid = 11514621 | pmc = 58599 | doi = | url = http://www.molbiolcell.org/cgi/content/abstract/12/8/2352 | issn = ] BMP-4,cite journal | author = Knöchel S, Schuler-Metz A, Knöchel W | title = c-Jun (AP-1) activates BMP-4 transcription in Xenopus embryos | journal = Mech. Dev. | volume = 98 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 29–36 | year = 2000 | month = November | pmid = 11044605 | doi = 10.1016/S0925-4773(00)00448-2 | url = | issn = ] H1 receptor,cite journal | author = Kidd M, Hinoue T, Eick G, Lye KD, Mane SM, Wen Y, Modlin IM | title = Global expression analysis of ECL cells in Mastomys natalensis gastric mucosa identifies alterations in the AP-1 pathway induced by gastrin-mediated transformation | journal = Physiol. Genomics | volume = 20 | issue = 1 | pages = 131–42 | year = 2004 | month = December | pmid = 15602048 | doi = 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00216.2003 | url = | issn = ] cyclin D1, GC-A,cite journal | author = Heim JM, Singh S, Fülle HJ, Gerzer R | title = Comparison of a cloned ANF-sensitive guanylate cyclase (GC-A) with particulate guanylate cyclase from adrenal cortex | journal = Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. | volume = 345 | issue = 1 | pages = 64–70 | year = 1992 | month = January | pmid = 1347156 | doi = 10.1007/BF00175471 | url = | issn = ] TGF-b,cite journal | author = Kuo YR, Wu WS, Wang FS | title = Flashlamp pulsed-dye laser suppressed TGF-beta1 expression and proliferation in cultured keloid fibroblasts is mediated by MAPK pathway | journal = Lasers Surg Med | volume = 39 | issue = 4 | pages = 358–64 | year = 2007 | month = April | pmid = 17457842 | doi = 10.1002/lsm.20489 | url = | issn = ] NOTCH4,cite journal | author = Wu J, Bresnick EH | title = Glucocorticoid and growth factor synergism requirement for Notch4 chromatin domain activation | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 27 | issue = 6 | pages = 2411–22 | year = 2007 | month = March | pmid = 17220278 | pmc = 1820485 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.02152-06 | url = | issn = ] Blimp-1,cite journal | author = Martins G, Calame K | title = Regulation and functions of Blimp-1 in T and B lymphocytes | journal = Annu. Rev. Immunol. | volume = 26 | issue = | pages = 133–69 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18370921 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090241 | url = | issn = ] FasL,Fact|date=June 2008 TNF-a,Fact|date=June 2008 c-jun,cite journal | author = Lunec J, Holloway K, Cooke M, Evans M | title = Redox-regulation of DNA repair | journal = Biofactors | volume = 17 | issue = 1-4 | pages = 315–24 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12897453 | doi = | url = http://iospress.metapress.com/content/nfm3j7wc8khl3ety/ | issn = ] Bcl-xl,cite journal | author = Manicassamy S, Gupta S, Huang Z, Sun Z | title = Protein kinase C-theta-mediated signals enhance CD4+ T cell survival by up-regulating Bcl-xL | journal = J. Immunol. | volume = 176 | issue = 11 | pages = 6709–16 | year = 2006 | month = June | pmid = 16709830 | doi = | url = http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/abstract/176/11/6709 | issn = ] ECs,cite journal | author = Wang N, Verna L, Hardy S, Forsayeth J, Zhu Y, Stemerman MB | title = Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of c-Jun and c-Fos induces intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human endothelial cells | journal = Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | volume = 19 | issue = 9 | pages = 2078–84 | year = 1999 | month = September | pmid = 10479648 | doi = | url = http://atvb.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/19/9/2078 | issn = ] miR-21,cite journal | author = Fujita S, Ito T, Mizutani T, Minoguchi S, Yamamichi N, Sakurai K, Iba H | title = miR-21 Gene expression triggered by AP-1 is sustained through a double-negative feedback mechanism | journal = J. Mol. Biol. | volume = 378 | issue = 3 | pages = 492–504 | year = 2008 | month = May | pmid = 18384814 | doi = 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.03.015 | url = | issn = ] Cox-2,cite journal | author = von Knethen A, Callsen D, Brüne B | title = NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation by nitric oxide attenuated apoptotic cell death in RAW 264.7 macrophages | journal = Mol. Biol. Cell | volume = 10 | issue = 2 | pages = 361–72 | year = 1999 | month = February | pmid = 9950682 | pmc = 25174 | doi = | url = | issn = ] PtdIns(3,5)P2,cite journal |author=Phelan JP, Millson SH, Parker PJ, Piper PW, Cooke FT |title=Fab1p and AP-1 are required for trafficking of endogenously ubiquitylated cargoes to the vacuole lumen in S. cerevisiae |journal=J. Cell. Sci. |volume=119 |issue=Pt 20 |pages=4225–34 |year=2006 |month=October |pmid=17003107 |doi=10.1242/jcs.03188 |url=] tissue factor,cite journal |author=Nolasco LH, Turner NA, Bernardo A, "et al" |title=Hemolytic uremic syndrome-associated Shiga toxins promote endothelial-cell secretion and impair ADAMTS13 cleavage of unusually large von Willebrand factor multimers |journal=Blood |volume=106 |issue=13 |pages=4199–209 |year=2005 |month=December |pmid=16131569 |pmc=1895236 |doi=10.1182/blood-2005-05-2111 |url=] HMG-I/Y,cite journal |author=Hommura F, Katabami M, Leaner VD, "et al" |title=HMG-I/Y is a c-Jun/activator protein-1 target gene and is necessary for c-Jun-induced anchorage-independent growth in Rat1a cells |journal=Mol. Cancer Res. |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=305–14 |year=2004 |month=May |pmid=15192124 |doi= |url=http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15192124] PTH(rP), [ [http://https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/dspace/bitstream/1887/4974/5/01.pdf General Introduction] ] TPA-response element,cite journal |author=Chang CJ, Chao JC |title=Effect of human milk and epidermal growth factor on growth of human intestinal Caco-2 cells |journal=J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=394–401 |year=2002 |month=April |pmid=11930096 |doi= |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0277-2116&volume=34&issue=4&spage=394] Gap-43 protein,cite journal |author=Weber JR, Skene JH |title=The activity of a highly promiscuous AP-1 element can be confined to neurons by a tissue-selective repressive element |journal=J. Neurosci. |volume=18 |issue=14 |pages=5264–74 |year=1998 |month=July |pmid=9651209 |doi= |url=http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9651209] hMT IIA,cite journal |author=Lee W, Mitchell P, Tjian R |title=Purified transcription factor AP-1 interacts with TPA-inducible enhancer elements |journal=Cell |volume=49 |issue=6 |pages=741–52 |year=1987 |month=June |pmid=3034433 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0092-8674(87)90612-X] TGF-B1,cite journal |author=Cohen MP, Ziyadeh FN, Lautenslager GT, Cohen JA, Shearman CW |title=Glycated albumin stimulation of PKC-beta activity is linked to increased collagen IV in mesangial cells |journal=Am. J. Physiol. |volume=276 |issue=5 Pt 2 |pages=F684–90 |year=1999 |month=May |pmid=10330050 |doi= |url=http://ajprenal.physiology.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10330050] IL-8,cite journal |author=Stark CJ, Atreya CD |title=Molecular advances in the cell biology of SARS-CoV and current disease prevention strategies |journal=Virol. J. |volume=2 |issue= |pages=35 |year=2005 |pmid=15833113 |pmc=1087510 |doi=10.1186/1743-422X-2-35 |url=] IL-4,cite journal |author=Lane SJ, Adcock IM, Richards D, Hawrylowicz C, Barnes PJ, Lee TH |title=Corticosteroid-resistant bronchial asthma is associated with increased c-fos expression in monocytes and T lymphocytes |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=102 |issue=12 |pages=2156–64 |year=1998 |month=December |pmid=9854051 |pmc=509170 |doi=10.1172/JCI2680 |url=] IL-5, GM-CSF, hGSTP1,cite journal |author=Steiner C, Peters WH, Gallagher EP, Magee P, Rowland I, Pool-Zobel BL |title=Genistein protects human mammary epithelial cells from benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal genotoxicity by modulating the glutathione/glutathione S-transferase system |journal=Carcinogenesis |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=738–48 |year=2007 |month=March |pmid=17065199 |doi=10.1093/carcin/bgl180 |url=] Egr-1, [ [http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/28759/1/59823266.pdf Emerin and inherited disease] ] Fibronectin, [ [http://www.accessmedicine.com/updatesContent.aspx?aID=395369&searchStr=diabetic+nephropathies AccessMedicine - Content] ]
inhibits = PAI-1,cite journal |author=Ahn JD, Morishita R, Kaneda Y, "et al" |title=Transcription factor decoy for activator protein-1 (AP-1) inhibits high glucose- and angiotensin II-induced type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) gene expression in cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells |journal=Diabetologia |volume=44 |issue=6 |pages=713–20 |year=2001 |month=June |pmid=11440364 |doi= |url=http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00125/bibs/1044006/10440713.htm] Collagen,cite journal |author=Kang S, Fisher GJ, Voorhees JJ |title=Photoaging: pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment |journal=Clin. Geriatr. Med. |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=643–59, v–vi |year=2001 |month=November |pmid=11535421 |doi= |url=] HNF-1,cite journal |author=Navasa M, Gordon DA, Hariharan N, "et al" |title=Regulation of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein mRNA expression by endotoxin and cytokines |journal=J. Lipid Res. |volume=39 |issue=6 |pages=1220–30 |year=1998 |month=June |pmid=9643353 |doi= |url=http://www.jlr.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9643353] Osteocalcin, [ [http://www.dent.meikai.ac.jp/media/library/new-journals/2007_V36/42-50.pdf Retinoic Acid Inhibits Serum-stimulated Activator Protein-1 via ...] ]
activated_by = PDTC,cite journal | author = Inagi R, Miyata T, Nangaku M, "et al" | title = Transcriptional regulation of a mesangium-predominant gene, megsin | journal = J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. | volume = 13 | issue = 11 | pages = 2715–22 | year = 2002 | month = November | pmid = 12397041 | doi = 10.1097/01.ASN.0000033507.32175.FA | url = | issn = ] IE1,cite journal |author=Kim S, Yu SS, Lee IS, "et al" |title=Human cytomegalovirus IE1 protein activates AP-1 through a cellular protein kinase(s) |journal=J. Gen. Virol. |volume=80 ( Pt 4) |issue= |pages=961–9 |year=1999 |month=April |pmid=10211966 |doi= |url=http://vir.sgmjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10211966] JNK,cite journal |author=Masuda A, Yoshikai Y, Kume H, Matsuguchi T |title=The interaction between GATA proteins and activator protein-1 promotes the transcription of IL-13 in mast cells |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=173 |issue=9 |pages=5564–73 |year=2004 |month=November |pmid=15494506 |doi= |url=http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15494506] RIP2,cite journal |author=Navas TA, Baldwin DT, Stewart TA |title=RIP2 is a Raf1-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue=47 |pages=33684–90 |year=1999 |month=November |pmid=10559258 |doi= |url=http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10559258] TPA,cite journal |author=Simantov R |title=Neurotransporters: regulation, involvement in neurotoxicity, and the usefulness of antisense nucleic acids |journal=Biochem. Pharmacol. |volume=50 |issue=4 |pages=435–42 |year=1995 |month=August |pmid=7646547 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0006-2952(95)00068-B] PDCD4,cite journal |author=Yang HS, Jansen AP, Nair R, "et al" |title=A novel transformation suppressor, Pdcd4, inhibits AP-1 transactivation but not NF-kappaB or ODC transactivation |journal=Oncogene |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=669–76 |year=2001 |month=February |pmid=11314000 |doi=10.1038/sj.onc.1204137 |url=] KSHV,cite journal |author=Xie J, Pan H, Yoo S, Gao SJ |title=Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus induction of AP-1 and interleukin 6 during primary infection mediated by multiple mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways |journal=J. Virol. |volume=79 |issue=24 |pages=15027–37 |year=2005 |month=December |pmid=16306573 |pmc=1316010 |doi=10.1128/JVI.79.24.15027-15037.2005 |url=] MAPK,cite journal |author=Khan MA, Bouzari S, Ma C, "et al" |title=Flagellin-dependent and -independent inflammatory responses following infection by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Citrobacter rodentium |journal=Infect. Immun. |volume=76 |issue=4 |pages=1410–22 |year=2008 |month=April |pmid=18227166 |doi=10.1128/IAI.01141-07 |url=] Serralysin,cite journal |author=Kida Y, Inoue H, Shimizu T, Kuwano K |title=Serratia marcescens serralysin induces inflammatory responses through protease-activated receptor 2 |journal=Infect. Immun. |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=164–74 |year=2007 |month=January |pmid=17043106 |pmc=1828393 |doi=10.1128/IAI.01239-06 |url=] PRL,cite journal |author=Gutzman JH, Rugowski DE, Schroeder MD, Watters JJ, Schuler LA |title=Multiple kinase cascades mediate prolactin signals to activating protein-1 in breast cancer cells |journal=Mol. Endocrinol. |volume=18 |issue=12 |pages=3064–75 |year=2004 |month=December |pmid=15319452 |pmc=1634796 |doi=10.1210/me.2004-0187 |url=] K15,cite journal |author=Brinkmann MM, Glenn M, Rainbow L, Kieser A, Henke-Gendo C, Schulz TF |title=Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-kappaB pathways by a Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus K15 membrane protein |journal=J. Virol. |volume=77 |issue=17 |pages=9346–58 |year=2003 |month=September |pmid=12915550 |pmc=187392 |doi= |url=http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12915550] Alpha lipoic acid, [ [http://www.tricitywls.com/Erase_Your_Ugly_Scars.pdf Erase Your Ugly Scars] ] Phorbol esters,cite journal |author=Greenstein S, Ghias K, Krett NL, Rosen ST |title=Mechanisms of glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis in hematological malignancies |journal=Clin. Cancer Res. |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=1681–94 |year=2002 |month=June |pmid=12060604 |doi= |url=http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12060604] Cytokine,cite journal |author=Yokoo T, Kitamura M |title=Antioxidant PDTC induces stromelysin expression in mesangial cells via a tyrosine kinase-AP-1 pathway |journal=Am. J. Physiol. |volume=270 |issue=5 Pt 2 |pages=F806–11 |year=1996 |month=May |pmid=8928842 |doi= |url=http://ajprenal.physiology.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=reprint&pmid=8928842]
inhibited_by = MIF,cite journal |author=Gibbings DJ, Ghetu AF, Dery R, Befus AD |title=Macrophage migration inhibitory factor has a MHC class I-like motif and function |journal=Scand. J. Immunol. |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=121–32 |year=2008 |month=February |pmid=18201367 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.02046.x |url=]

ee also

*Activator protein

References

External links

* [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2008/MB_cgi?mode=&term=Transcription+Factor+AP-1 NLM]
* [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2008/MB_cgi Genecards]
* [http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/JUNID151.html Atlas of Genetics]