- Whiskey class submarine
Whiskey class submarines (locally known as Project 613, 644, and 665) are a class of military
submarine s that theSoviet Union built in thecold war period. The design was supposedlyFact|date=November 2007 a less capable version of the GermanType XXI U-boat of theWorld War II era, although it belonged to a completely different class since it firedcruise missiles .Between
1949 and1958 a total of 236 submarines of this type were commissioned into theSoviet Navy . The vessels were initially designed as coastal patrol submarines. These patrol variants are known in the west as "Whiskey I, II, III, IV, and V"; and were called "Project 613" in the Soviet Union.In the
1950s and1960s some patrol vessels were converted to guided missile submarines. These boats had the capability to fire one to four SS-N-3 Shaddockcruise missile s. In1956 , the first prototype was ready. It was a regular Whiskey class submarine which was fitted with a launch tube aft of the sail that contained a single SS-N-3 anti-shipping missile. This vessel was known in the west as "Whiskey Single Cylinder". Between1958 and Between1960 and1963 , six boats received an extended sail that could contain four Shaddock missiles. These were called "Whiskey Long Bin" in the West and "Project 665" in the Soviet Union. All guided missile variants of the Whiskey class had to surface in order to fire their missiles. The boats of the single and twin cylinder class also had to raise their missile tubes, which were normally positioned horizontally.The "Long Bin" boats did not handle well, the missile silo's caused stability problemsFact|date=November 2007 and water flow around the missile fittings was very noisy. All were soon retired from service. Four were converted to
radar picket boats "Project 640" (which were called "Whiskey Canvas Bag"). Two vessels were converted to submarines for 'fishery research' and 'oceanographic research' purposes. In the Soviet navy, the patrol variants of this class were replaced byRomeo class submarine s. The guided missile variants were replaced byJuliet class submarine s.The
Soviet Union built a total of 236 Whiskeys, exporting patrol submarines of the Whiskey class to:
*Albania (four vessels, all retired)
*Bulgaria (two vessels)
*China (five vessels, and another 21 built locally from parts that were provided by the Soviet Union, known as Type 03, all are retired)
*Egypt (seven vessels)
*Indonesia (twelve vessels, and two as a source of spare parts)
*North Korea (four vessels)
*Poland (four vessels)Cuba andSyria ordered used Whiskey class submarines for use as battery charging hulks. The guided missile and radar picket boats were never exported.Incidents involving Whiskey class submarines
* On or about
15 December 1952 , the Soviet Whiskey class submarine S-117 was lost due to unknown causes in theSea of Japan . The boat was possiblyFact|date=November 2007 involved in a collision with a surface ship, or struck a mine.
* On27 January 1961 , the Soviet Whiskey class submarine S-80 was lost due to accidental flooding while the boat was submerged. The valve that should have prevented water from entering the snorkel did not work properly.
* On21 October 1981 , the Soviet Whiskey class submarine S-178 was rammed and sunk by RFS "Refrizherator-13" in Golden Horn Bay,Vladivostok .
* On27 October 1981 , the Soviet Whiskey class submarine S-363 ran aground in Swedish territorial waters near a naval base.
* On5 February 2007 , the Soviet Whiskey class submarine S-194 took on water and sunk while being towed to a naval museum off the coast of Denmark. [http://dykkerservice.dk/erhvervsdykker_u194.htm Info in danish from Dansk Dykkerservice ApS] (including pictures) the diving company that made an inspection on the subExternal links
* [http://www.russianwarrior.com/STMMain.htm?1947vehicle_Whiskeyhist.htm&1 History, Development, and Use of the Whiskey Class Submarine]
* [http://ship.bsu.by/main.asp?id=102726 Encyclopedia of Ships] ru icon
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