Mycobacterium abscessus

Mycobacterium abscessus
Mycobacterium abscessus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Actinobacteria
Order: Actinomycetales
Suborder: Corynebacterineae
Family: Mycobacteriaceae
Genus: Mycobacterium
Species: M. abscessus
Binomial name
Mycobacterium abscessus
Kusonoki and Ezaki 1992 ATCC 19977

Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing mycobacterium that is a common water contaminant. It was until recently (1992) thought to be a subspecies of Mycobacterium chelonae. M. abscessus can cause chronic lung disease, post-traumatic wound infections, and disseminated cutaneous diseases, mostly in patients with suppressed immune systems.

It is classified as a rapid growing mycobacterium.[1]

M. abscessus grown in starch-based medium on a petri dish. Colonies appear as light yellow streaks.

Contents

Description

Microscopy

  • Gram-positive, nonmotile and acid-fast rods (1.0-2.5 µm x 0.5 µm).

Colony characteristics

  • Colonies on Löwenstein-Jensen media may occur as smooth as well as rough, white or greyish and nonphotochromogenic.

Physiology

  • Growth at 28°C and 37°C after 7 days but not at 43°C.
  • On MacConkey agar at 28°C and even 37°C.
  • Tolerance to 5% NaCl and 500 mg/l hydroxylamine (Ogawa egg medium) and 0.2% picrate (Sauton agar medium).
  • Positive degradation of p-aminosalicylate.
  • Production of arylsulfatase but not of nitrate reductase and Tween 80 hydrolase.
  • Negative iron uptake test. No utilisation of fructose, glucose, oxalate and citrate as sole carbon sources.

Differential characteristics

  • M. abscessus and M. chelonae can be distinguished from M. fortuitum or M. peregrinum by their failure to reduce nitrate and to take up iron.
  • Tolerance to 5% NaCl in Löwenstein-Jensen media tolerance to 0.2% picrate in Sauton agar and non-utilisation of citrate as a sole carbon source are characteristics that distinguish M. abscessus from M. chelonae.
  • M. abscessus and M. chelonae sequevar I share an identical sequence in the 54-510 region of 16S rRNA, However, both species can be differentiated by their hsp65 or ITS sequences

Pathogenesis

  • Chronic lung disease, post-traumatic wound infections, post-tympanostomy tube otitis media, disseminated cutaneous diseases in patients of immune suppression.

It can be associated with otitis media.[2]

Type strain

ATCC 19977 = CCUG 20993 = CIP 104536 = DSM 44196 = JCM 13569 = NCTC 13031

References

  1. ^ Esteban J, Ortiz-Pérez A (December 2009). "Current treatment of atypical mycobacteriosis". Expert Opin Pharmacother 10 (17): 2787–99. doi:10.1517/14656560903369363. PMID 19929702. http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1517/14656560903369363. 
  2. ^ Linmans JJ, Stokroos RJ, Linssen CF (September 2008). "Mycobacterium abscessus, an uncommon cause of chronic otitis media: a case report and literature review". Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 134 (9): 1004–6. doi:10.1001/archotol.134.9.1004. PMID 18794448. http://archotol.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=18794448. 
  • Kusunoki,S.,T. Ezaki. 1992. Proposal of Mycobacterium peregrinum sp. nov., nom. rev., and elevation of Mycobacterium chelonae subsp. abscessus (Kubica et al.) to species status: Mycobacterium abscessus comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 42, 240-245.
v · d · eActinobacteria (high-G+C) Infectious diseases · Bacterial diseases: G+ (primarily A00–A79, 001–041, 080–109)
Actinomycineae
Actinomyces israelii (Actinomycosis, Cutaneous actinomycosis) · Tropheryma whipplei (Whipple's disease) · Arcanobacterium haemolyticum (Arcanobacterium haemolyticum infection)
Corynebacterineae
Tuberculosis: Ghon focus/Ghon's complex · Pott disease · brain (Meningitis, Rich focus) · Tuberculous lymphadenitis (Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis) · cutaneous (Scrofuloderma, Erythema induratum, Lupus vulgaris, Prosector's wart, Tuberculosis cutis orificialis, Tuberculous cellulitis, Tuberculous gumma) · Lichen scrofulosorum · Tuberculid (Papulonecrotic tuberculid) · Primary inoculation tuberculosis · Miliary · Tuberculous pericarditis · Urogenital tuberculosis · Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis · Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
Leprosy: Tuberculoid leprosy · Borderline tuberculoid leprosy · Borderline leprosy · Borderline lepromatous leprosy · Lepromatous leprosy · Histoid leprosy
Bifidobacteriaceae
Gardnerella vaginalis

M: BAC

bact (clas)

gr+f/gr+a(t)/gr-p(c)/gr-o

drug(J1p, w, n, m, vacc)


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