Centaurea

Centaurea

Taxobox
name = "Centaurea"



image_width = 250px
image_caption = "Centaurea americana"
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Magnoliopsida
ordo = Asterales
familia = Asteraceae
subfamilia = Carduoideae [cite journal
last = Panero
first = JL
coauthors = VA Funk
title = Toward a phylogenetic subfamilial classification for the Compositae (Asteraceae)
journal = Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington
volume = 115
issue = 4
pages = 909–922
publisher = Biological Society of Washington
date = 2002-12-30
url = http://www.mnh.si.edu/biodiversity/bdg/Panero&Funk2002.pdf
accessdate = 2007-08-12
]
tribus = Cynareae
genus = "Centaurea"
genus_authority = L.
subdivision_ranks = Species
subdivision = Around 350-500 species; see text.
synonyms ="Cyanus" L.

"Centaurea" ("Cen-tau-ré-a") is a genus of about 350-500 species of herbaceous thistle-like flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, mostly native to the Old World. Common names for different species include star- thistle, cornflower, knapweed and bluet. Some species are cultivated as ornamental plants in gardens.

Classification

Research in the late 20th century shows that the genus, as traditionally defined, is polyphyletic. A number of 19th and 20th century efforts to reorganize the genus were not successful, and it is not yet clear what the results of the recent research will be for classification of this genus and other related genera.cite web | url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=106012 | work = Flora of North America | title = Centaurea]

pecies

Species in this genus include:
*"Centaurea adpressa"
*"Centaurea aggregata"
*"Centaurea akamantis"
*"Centaurea alpestris"
*"Centaurea alpina"
*"Centaurea americana" ("Plectocephalus americanus") – American Star-thistle
*"Centaurea appendicigera"- endemic in Turkey
*"Centaurea argentea"
*"Centaurea aspera" – Rough Star-thistle
*"Centaurea atropurpurea"
*"Centaurea babylonica"
*"Centaurea behen"
*"Centaurea bella"
*"Centaurea bovina"
*"Centaurea bulbosa"
*"Centaurea cachinalensis"
*"Centaurea calcitrapa" – Purple Star-thistle or Caltrop - Europe
*"Centaurea calcitrapoides"
*"Centaurea chilensis"
*"Centaurea cineraria" – Dusty Miller
*"Centaurea clementei"
*"Centaurea cyanus" – Cornflower
*"Centaurea dealbata"
*"Centaurea debeauxii"
*"Centaurea depressa"
*"Centaurea diffusa" – Diffuse Knapweed
*"Centaurea diluta"
*"Centaurea dschungarica"
*"Centaurea eriophora"
*"Centaurea floccosa"
*"Centaurea gayana"
*"Centaurea glastifolia"
*"Centaurea grinensis"
*"Centaurea gymnocarpa"
*"Centaurea horrida"
*"Centaurea hypoleuca"
*"Centaurea iberica" – A spiny Mediterranean species thought to be the "thistle" mentioned in "Genesis"
*"Centaurea imperialis"
*"Centaurea jacea"
*"Centaurea kasakorum"
*"Centaurea kopetaghensis"
*"Centaurea kotschyana"
*"Centaurea leucophylla"
*"Centaurea macrocephala"
*"Centaurea maculosa" – Spotted Knapweed; eastern Europe; introduced in North America, now an invasive weed which releases a toxin that reduces growth of forage species.
*"Centaurea mannagettae"
*"Centaurea marschalliana"
*"Centaurea melitensis"
*"Centaurea moschata" - Sweet Sultan
*"Centaurea monocephala"
*"Centaurea montana" – Perennial Cornflower
*"Centaurea nigra" – Black Knapweed or Common Knapweed
*"Centaurea nigrescens" – Tyrol Knapweed; southern and eastern Europe
*"Centaurea orientalis"
*"Centaurea ovina"
*"Centaurea paniculata"
*"Centaurea phrygia"
*"Centaurea pindicola"
*"Centaurea polypodiifolia"
*"Centaurea pulcherrima"
*"Centaurea ragusina"
*"Centaurea rothrockii" ("Plectocephalus rothrockii")cite web | url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=125862 | title = Plectocephalus | work = Flora of North America]
*"Centaurea ruthenica"
*"Centaurea rutifolia"
*"Centaurea sadleriana" – Pannonian Knapweed
*"Centaurea scabiosa" – Greater Knapweed
*"Centaurea seridis"
*"Centaurea sibirica"
*"Centaurea simplicicaulis"
*"Centaurea solstitialis" – Yellow Star-thistle; Europe.
*"Centaurea squarrosa"
*"Centaurea stenolepis"
*"Centaurea stoebe"
*"Centaurea sulphurea"
*"Centaurea transalpina"
*"Centaurea tchihatcheffii" - endangered species, Mogan Lake, Ankara, Turkey
*"Centaurea trichocephala"
*"Centaurea triniifolia"
*"Centaurea triumfettii"
*"Centaurea uniflora"
*"Centaurea virgata"

Nectar

"Centaurea" are copious nectar producers, especially on high-lime soils, and are major honey plants for beekeepers. Star-thistle varietal honey is light and slightly tangy. It is one of the finest honeys produced in the US; but being abundant, some of it is fraudulently relabeled and sold as the scarce, expensive Sourwood honey of the Appalachian Mountains.

The high nectar yield of the genus makes it very attractive to insects such as butterflies and day-flying moths such as Six-spot Burnet. The larvae of some other Lepidoptera species use "Centaurea" species as food plants - see list of Lepidoptera that feed on Centaurea.

References

* [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Centaurea&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: "Centaurea"]
* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CENTA USDA Plant Profile: "Centaurea"]
* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=3&taxon_id=106012 Flora of China: "Centaurea" species list]
* [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/FloraData/060/PDF/V04/Volume4-Part2_Centaurea.pdf Flora of Chile: "Centaurea" (pdf)]
* Mabberley, D.J. 1987. "The Plant Book. A portable dictionary of the higher plants". Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 706 p. ISBN 0-521-34060-8.
* Robbins, W.W., M. K. Bellue, and W. S. Ball. 1970. "Weeds of California". State of California, Dept. of Agriculture. 547 p.


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Centaurea — Centaurea …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Centaurea — (del lat. «centaurēa») f. Centaura. * * * centaurea. (Del lat. centaurĕa). f. centaura. * * * Alrededor de 500 ● Centaurea calcitrapa ● Centaurea cyanus ● Centaurea diffusa ● Centaurea iberica ● Centaurea maculosa ● Centaurea montana ● Centaurea… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Centaurea — Cen tau*re a, n. [NL. See {Centaury}.] (Bot.) A large genus of composite plants, related to the thistles and including the cornflower or bluebottle ({Centaurea Cyanus}) and the star thistle ({Centaurea Calcitrapa}). [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • centaurea — (Del lat. centaurĕa). f. centaura …   Diccionario de la lengua española

  • centaurea — [sen΄tô′rē ə] n. [ModL < ML centauria, CENTAURY] any of a genus (Centaurea) of annual and perennial plants of the composite family, having egg shaped flower heads, including the star thistles and the bachelor s buttons …   English World dictionary

  • Centaurēa — (C. L.. Flockenblume), Pflanzengattung aus der Familie der Compositae Cy nareae Centaurieae, 19. Kl. 3. Ordn. L., jetzt in viele Gattungen getheilt, da die Zahl der Arten allerdings in die Hunderte ging. Die allgemeinen Kennzeichen sind, ein… …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Centaurea — L. (Flockenblume), Gattung der Kompositen, Kräuter, seltener Halbsträucher mit ganzen oder fiederteiligen Blättern, einzeln endständigen oder Doldenrispen bildenden Blütenköpfen und meist kahlen und glatten, etwas zusammengedrückten Achänen. Etwa …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Centaurea — Centaurēa L., Flockenblume, Pflanzengattg. der Kompositen, Kräuter mit roten, gelben, blauen Blüten. Zu letztern gehört die Kornblume (C. cyănus L.), auch Cyane genannt; die rotblühenden heißen Flockenblumen, z.B. C. jacĕa L. (Wiesenflockenblume) …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

  • Centaurea — Centaurea, Flockblume, Pflanzengattung aus der natürlichen Familie der Compositae Cynarocephalae, mit sehr vielen Arten, von denen bei uns die Jacea auf Wiesen, die C. Cyanus im Getreide als Kornblume, die C. Scabiosa, Grindkraut häufig vorkommt; …   Herders Conversations-Lexikon

  • Centaurea —   [griechisch], die Gattung Flockenblume.   …   Universal-Lexikon

  • centáurea — s. f. Nome de plantas asteráceas e gencianáceas. = CENTAUREIA …   Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa

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