Ultima Online

Infobox VG
title=Ultima Online


caption=
developer = Origin Systems, Electronic Arts
publisher = Electronic Arts
released = September 25 1997cite web
url = http://www.uoherald.com/tenth/
title = Official Electronic Arts UO 10th Anniversary Announcement
publisher = Electronic Arts
date = 2007
accessdate = 2008-09-06]
designer = Raph Koster and over 20 more
producer = Richard Garriott
composer = Kirk Winterrowd
modes = Multiplayer
ratings = ESRB: T (Teen) (formerly Mature)
platforms = Windows
media = CD
requirements = Intel Pentium CPU, 32 MB RAM, DirectX 5, Internet access
input = Keyboard, mouse
genre = MMORPG

"Ultima Online" (UO) is a graphical massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG), released on September 25 1997, by Origin Systems. It was instrumental to the development of the genre, and is still running today. The game is played online, in a fantasy setting similar to that of the other "Ultima" games that preceded it.

The success of "Ultima Online" opened the door for the creation of many new massively multiplayer games. "Ultima Online" is a fantasy role-playing game set in the "Ultima" universe. It is online-only and played by thousands of simultaneous users (who pay a monthly fee) on various game servers, also known as shards. It is known for its extensive timing-based player versus player combat system. To maintain order in the online community, there are Game Masters who resolve player disputes, police the shard for terms of service violations, and correct glitches in the game.

Several expansions have been released, but its aging game engine and graphics make it outdated compared to competitive, new massively multiplayer games. This changed with the release of ' in 2007, which features a new game engine. Since "Ultima Onlines prime in 2003, the overall subscriber base has seen a steady decline. Subscriber numbers peaked at around 250,000 in July 2003, and to date sit around 135,000 subscribers (approximately 70,000 of whom are Japanese). [cite web
author = MMOGchart.com
url = http://www.mmogchart.com/Chart2.html
title = An Analysis of MMOG Subscription Growth - Version 21.0
publisher = MMOGchart.com
date = 2006-07
accessdate = 2006-08-09] As of June 2006, "Ultima Online" held a 1.1% market share of the massively multiplayer online game subscriptions. [cite web
author = MMOGchart.com
url = http://www.mmogchart.com/Chart7.html
title = MMOG Subscriptions Market Share
publisher = MMOGchart.com
date = 2006-06
accessdate = 2006-08-09]

Quoting directly from the Electronic Arts press release announcing the "" expansion, "Ultima Online" was "the first MMORPG to reach the 100,000 subscriber base, far exceeding that of any game that went before it. Since then, it has added seven expansion packs and dozens of free content updates.

History

"Ultima Online" is the product of Richard Garriott's idea for a fantasy game involving several thousand people who can all play in a shared fantasy world. There were a number of prior games that allowed hundreds of people to play at the same time, including "The Realm Online", "Neverwinter Nights" (the AOL version), and "Meridian 59". However, "Ultima Online" was intended to be a significant improvement over the previous games, both graphically and in game mechanics. The initial team was composed of Garriot, Starr Long, Rick Delashmit and, a bit later Raph Koster, who became the lead designer for the project. Koster wrote a number of public "designer letters" and usually went by his nickname of Designer Dragon. Koster drew inspiration from a number of prior online games [ [http://www.raphkoster.com/gaming/book/3b.shtml|Raph Koster's Website] ] such as DartMUD. [ [http://www.disinterest.org/resource/MUD-Dev/1997Q3/msg00293.html Koster MUD-Dev Posting] "DartMUD was influential on me, certainly--ought to have been for everyone."]

The project started in 1995 and was shown to the public at E3 in 1996. The development cost was much greater than traditional computer games, it relied on people accessing servers with modems. "Ultima Online" initial features included persistent player housing, skill-based character progression (without levels or classes) [cite book
last = Alexander
first = Thor
title = Massively Multiplayer Game Development
publisher = Charles River Media
year = 2003
isbn = 1584502436, 9781584502432
pages = 24] , crafting and player-drive economy [cite book
last = Alexander
first = Thor
title = Massively Multiplayer Game Development
publisher = Charles River Media
year = 2003
isbn = 1584502436, 9781584502432
pages = 22] , and unrestricted player-versus-player combat [cite book
last = Alexander
first = Thor
title = Massively Multiplayer Game Development
publisher = Charles River Media
year = 2003
isbn = 1584502436, 9781584502432
pages = 91] .

Upon release, "Ultima Online" proved to be very popular, reaching 100,000 paying subscribers within six months of release, despite severe lag problems. Subscriptions continued to grow for several years, reaching a peak of some 250,000 paid accounts. Origin was able to make a great deal of money from the monthly fees required to play "Ultima Online" and many other companies took note and began development of their own massively multiplayer games. The most successful games after "Ultima Online" have been "EverQuest" (released in March 1999), "Asheron's Call" (released in November 1999), "Dark Age of Camelot" (released in October 2001), and "World of Warcraft" (released in November 2004). The Korean massively multiplayer game "Lineage" was inspired by "Ultima Online", as have many other subsequent online games.Fact|date=September 2008

Game mechanics

"Ultima Online" continued the tradition of previous "Ultima" games in many ways, but due to advancing technology and the simple fact that it was Origin's first persistent online game, there were many new game mechanics as well. Partially designed as a social and economic experiment, the game had to account for the widespread player interaction as well as deal with the long history of players feeling as if they were the center of attention, as had been the case in single-player games. New to both the developers and the players, a lot that was planned never happened, and a lot that was unexpected did, and many new game mechanics were put in place to compensate.

Issues faced

"Ultima Online" has seen many major revisions throughout its history. This includes gameplay revisions, staff changes, technical revamps, porting the backend to Unix, and fundamental design changes. With few earlier MMORPGs to take lesson from, the staff behind "Ultima Online" was breaking new ground and had to solve complex issues that had never been faced in a commercial game on such a wide scale before. The importance of understanding psychology, social interaction, economy, and other issues became increasingly important as complex social behavior evolved.

Throughout the pre-release development of the game, a well-balanced, realistic economy and social structure was the goal. While not all of the features planned for incorporation made it into the first release, the developers did manage to give almost all of the control to the players in terms of what they could do to each other and the world as a whole. What ensued caused permanent repercussions still faced in the game today.

Another problem throughout "Ultima Online"'s history has been flaws that allowed for cheating. In early years, methods to duplicate items were discovered and many took advantage of this loophole to mass produce gold and items, causing great harm in the games economy and power structure. Even after this method was fixed, other methods were discovered over the years which bypassed server and game mechanics to duplicate items and gold. With the introduction of cross-shard character transfers, massive duplication between worldwide servers started to occur, greatly injuring the game economy.

"Ultima Online" was sued by former player volunteers ("Counselors") and settled in 2004 without admitting wrongdoing. [ [http://terranova.blogs.com/terra_nova/2004/04/uo_lawsuit_sett.html UO lawsuit settled] ] AOL had their volunteers train customer service personnel it hired, then shut down the volunteer program. Concern over future lawsuits led Microsoft to shut down their volunteer program for "Asheron's Call". [Developing Online Games by Mulligan and Patrovsky, page 252]

Expansions, sequels and other releases

Throughout "Ultima Online's" long history, there have been many releases of the game, both on store shelves and online. Several sequels were in development but canceled, and expansions have been released regularly.

Sequels

Two sequels were planned by Electronic Arts, but both were canceled during development so that more focus could be spent on the original game.

* "Ultima Online 2" (UO2), later renamed ' (UWO:O) was announced in 1999. It was to add steampunk elements to the fantasy setting, set in a world where the past, present and future of Sosaria were merged together by a mistake made by Lord British while attempting to merge together the shards of the Gem of Immortality. Todd McFarlane was hired to design original monsters and regions for the game, as well as help shape the story. It was cancelled in 2001 before its release, citing the competitive nature of the massively multiplayer online gaming market — Electronic Arts feared the sequel would harm "Ultima Online's" subscription numbers. Some of the monsters and art made for the game were later used in the "Ultima Online" expansion '.
* ' was a new MMORPG to be set in a world named Alucinor, created by the Avatar after the events of '. It was cancelled in 2004 when Electronic Arts closed Origin. The UXO team was invited to move to the Bay area to finish the game. However, only a small number of people on the UXO team accepted the transfer. In the end, UXO was cancelled because the development team dissolved.

Expansions

Expansions have been released regularly, all of which add new content in the form of landmass, art, quests, items, or game mechanics.

* "" (October 1, 1998) featured a new area of land called the Lost Lands, along with an in-game chat system and new creatures. Also known as "T2A". It was released in two boxed versions with the first having different artwork and a single manual.
* "" (April 3, 2000) doubled the size of the world, as there were literally two copies of it. The worlds were called Felucca and Trammel, after the two moons in "Ultima's" Britannia world. The Trammel world did not allow player killing and was geared towards fighting monsters. Felucca also adopted a darker, more foreboding look and kept it's player vs player roots. Subscription was at its height during this periodFact|date=August 2008.
* "" (March 7, 2001) included a 3D client to compete with 3D competition like "EverQuest". Also, a special Third Dawn only land was created, called Ilshenar. It was accessible only to 3D clients until the release of "Lord Blackthorn's Revenge".
* "" (February 24, 2002) brought "a dark new world based on new characters from Todd McFarlane" to "Ultima Online" with improved game artificial intelligence, in-game help, and improved character creation.
* "" (February 28, 2003) brought the landmass of Malas with space for new housing, two new character classes (Paladin and Necromancer) and the ability to customize house designs. The item system was completely reworked with this expansion. Armor resistance was split into five types of resistance, and many new properties that affected game play were added to weaponry. As good equipment became vital, this expansion also brought with it item insurance. Subscriptions started to fall as item dependency took over skill dependencyFact|date=August 2008.
* "" (November 2, 2004) brought ancient Japanese mythology and folklore to the game, two new classes (Ninja and Samurai) and a new area to explore, the Tokuno Islands. The new class skills shifted the balance of player vs. player combat away from mage dominance.
* "" (August 30, 2005) introduced a new race, elves, and a new skill, spellweaving. Several dungeons were also added.
* "" (June 27, 2007) introduced a new client with new graphics and interface. As of August 2008, still unfinished.
* "" (TBA, 2009) will feature a new playable race, the Gargoyle, and a new skill, imbuing. Stygian Abyss will also feature significant upgrades to the Kingdom Reborn client, which will be renamed to the Stygian Abyss client. The legacy client will still be supported. [http://uoherald.com/news/news.php?newsid=420]

Other releases

"Ultima Online" has had several special releases which were not expansions, but came with boxed or in-game extras.

* "Ultima Online: Charter Edition" (September 30, 1997) was available to pre-order from Origin Systems at the launch of "Ultima Online" and in small quantities alongside the standard retail box. It included a signed lithograph of the "Ultima Online" artwork by the Hilderbrandt brothers, a pewter pin badge bearing the "Ultima Online" logo and the box was signed by Richard Garriott. The Charter Edition also included the cloth map which was also a feature of the standard box.
* "Ultima Online: 7th Anniversary" (September 25, 2004) was a special release of the game to celebrate "Ultima Online's" seventh birthday. Like all of the items listed in this section, this release did not bring anything new to the game and is not an expansion, although it did include a more recently patched CD; the "Age of Shadows" was still the most current version at the time. This release was contained in a small cardboard box containing a triple-CD jewel case, featuring "Ultima Online: Age of Shadows", but also included "" install and play discs as a special bonus. A glossy booklet showing the history of "Ultima Online" expansions was included which contained historic art and an interview from the "Ultima Online" team and community leaders. Also included in the package a code for an in-game gift, one of which was "Ultima Online's" famous Hilderbrant print, an extra character slot (a total of six characters was now available) and 7 buddy registration codes.
* "Ultima Online: Gold" (July 18, 2005) was a special release sold by Wal-Mart and includes the same content as "". This edition also comes with an Advanced Character token code, and quick-start manual.
* "Ultima Online: The Eighth Age" (September 25, 2005) was a boxed game CD with an array of in-game tokens. Though not bringing any new features, the release was to celebrate "Ultima Online's" eighth birthday. The box included an updated game CD (with more recent patches), a glossy booklet feauring an atlas of Sosaria, in-game tokens for an anniversary gift (choice of 8), a character transfer, an advanced character and a 45-day free trial code. Also a time-limited blue soulstone was included.
* "Ultima Online: 9th Anniversary Collection" (October 31, 2006). Formerly known as "Eve of a New Age." This came with an in-game upgrade code which redeemed 9 "Heritage Tokens", "Crystal" and "Shadow" items which matched new housing tile sets in the game, and attendants, which took the form of NPCs. These could be set to announce a player's presence in a house or to follow the player around on the map. The Heritage tokens could be redeemed for several kinds of items including special armor, weapons, and many house decoration items in various themes (3 fruit trees, a set of rugs, tables, a broken furniture set, a "dark" or evil furniture set and more).

Shard emulation

Fans of "Ultima Online" have reverse-engineered the game to produce server emulators of the original Electronic Arts servers. With the modern emulation server software available today, it is possible to customize most aspects of the game and support large numbers of concurrent players on a single server. These "freeshards" are not supported by EA but have been popular among users who prefer a different rule set, or who do not wish to pay the monthly subscription fee.

Clients

Electronic Arts provides the standard clients with which players are allowed to connect to the "Ultima Online" servers, though some third-party clients have also been made.

Original client

The original "Ultima Online" client is 2D and, while it was state of the art when released, it is intended to be used on low-end machines that cannot support the more taxing 3D client. It also presents a crisper, simpler artistic flavor that some people find more attractive than the 3D client. Many of the graphics used are high-resolution versions of graphics used in "Ultima VIII".

"Ultima Online: Third Dawn" client

The 3D client was originally released as a part of the "" expansion, but has received poor reviews from both veteran and new players alike due to a large number of performance issues (especially memory leaks early on) and what many see as sub-par graphics. An update to the 3D client was made on January 30 2006 when characters and creatures from the game were scaled down to smaller sizes.

As of early May/Late April 2007, the Third Dawn client is no longer supported by Electronic Arts, and focus has been shifted to the Kingdom Reborn client. Electronic Arts "Ultima Online" servers will no longer allow the Third Dawn client to connect.

"Ultima Online: Kingdom Reborn" client

"" was announced in August 2006 and was released August 27, 2007. [cite web
title=Ultima Online: Kingdom Reborn for PC
publisher=Gamespot
url=http://www.gamespot.com/pc/rpg/ultimaonlinekingdomreborn/index.html
accessdate = 2008-09-29] The new client, according to the "Ultima Online" team at Electronic Arts, is being created for the purpose of modernizing the game's look, making it easy to add new content without backsliding through outdated and outmoded art, while maintaining the niche market as an MMORPG that can be run on lower-end computers. Electronic Arts has referred to the "Ultima Online: Kingdom Reborn" client as "2.5d," meaning that it was written in 3d and then effectively backslid into 2d to make it, in theory, easier for lower-end computers to run.

The recommended specs are: Windows XP or Windows Vista, CPU: Intel Pentium III 1000 MHz or AMD Athlon 1000 MHz, RAM: 512 MB or more, Video: 64 MB 3D graphics card with Hardware Transform and Lighting, such as NVIDIA GeForce 3 class card or above, hard drive: 6.0 GB available space. The client is available as a free download for current players of the game.

Statements made by Electronic Arts originally stated that the "Ultima Online: Kingdom Reborn" client would replace the long-standing "Ultima Online" client. However, at the first of several Electronic Arts-sponsored players' conventions referred to as "UO Town Meetings," in Atlanta, Electronic Arts representatives suggested that the two clients would exist side-by-side until about 80% of the players had switched over to the new client.

Timeline

In May vgy|1996, "Ultima Online: Shattered Legacy" is shown at the 1996 E3 Expo. Then, in August 1997, Lord British had an unfortunate accident. While giving a speech to a bright-eyed Britannian crowd, the King was engulfed in flames and spent some time in the realm of the dead. He was killed by Rainz, who was later banned from the game, but not for the killing. Later, with the aid of his companions, he was revived and finished his speech, much to the delight of those in attendance.citation|title=Five Biggest Moments in UO History|publisher=Computer Gaming World|date=2001-11-02|url=http://www.mywire.com/pubs/ComputerGamingWorld/2002/11/01/429799?extID=10051] [citation|url=http://www.wired.com/gaming/gamingreviews/news/2002/06/52894|title=Make Love, Not War Games|author=Brad King|date=2002-06-08]

September 1997 was the last day of the original beta test. The beta ended with a bang, as players were treated to an "end of the world" scenario with Shadowlords, demons, and other evil creatures slaughtering every character in sight. "Ultima Online" opened its doors to the public. [citation|url=http://money.cnn.com/2003/03/04/commentary/game_over/column_gaming/|title=Electronic Arts' online folly|author=Chris Morris|date=2003-03-04|publisher=CNN] In 1998, the game expanded, and the number of users reached over 100,000 worldwide. In 1999, the game expands to Japan in January, to Europe in May, and to South Korea in July.

In vgy|2000 the game expands to Australia. Lord British disappears. Rumors fly on the wind about the disappearance of the King. Some claim he was abducted by mongbats, while others insist that it was the work of more malevolent forces. In February, a massive army of undead laid siege to the once peaceful city of Trinsic. Due to the overwhelming odds, the dark army managed to conquer the city under the leadership of Juo'nar and the Dark Mistress Minax. All hope seemed to be lost, but noble Britannians from all over rallied together and reclaimed the city from the clutches of evil! In May, "Ultima Online's" second expansion marked the beginning of a new era in Britannia. With the splitting of the lands into the facets of Trammel and Felucca, players could choose their geography based on their play style. November 2000 marked the UO World Faire. Players from all over met and mingled in Austin, TX at "Ultima Online's" first official fanfest. [citation|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-10525898_ITM|title=UO Fans Get Medieval - Wine, women, and song at the Ultima Online World Faire.|publisher=Computer Gaming World|date=2001-02-01]

"Ultima Online's" third expansion occurred in March 2001, introducing the new land of Ilshenar, new beasts and monsters, and an entirely new way to view the game. Online Worlds FanFest. "Ultima Online's" second official fanfest, Online Worlds FanFest, was held in Austin, TX in January 2002. Players were able to meet the Developers behind the game, as well as special guest speaker Todd McFarlane. February 2002 marked Lord Blackthorn's Revenge. "Ultima Online's" fourth expansion brought players into a world under siege, replete with more than 30 new and exotic characters created by none other than Spawn (comics) creator Todd McFarlane. However, in May, Royal Knight of Britannia, leads the fight against Blackthorn and Exodus. He would be slain in June 2003.

"Ultima Online's" fifth expansion in vgy|2003 was the most aggressive yet, offering players the ability to custom design their homes, the Paladin and Necromancer professions, a new land called Malas, and 13 new combat moves. In March 2003 "Ultima Online" reached 250,000 subscribers. Lord British returns in September 2003, the same month as the game's 6th anniversary.

' launched in November 2004. Samurai Empire is a Japanese-themed expansion, offering two new professions, the Ninja and the Samurai, as well as new Japanese-themed housing tile sets. New lands, the Tokuno Islands, were added, with the cities being styled after ancient Japanese cities. ' was then launched in August 2005. This is the first time "Ultima Online" allows for more than one player race, as Elves are added. The quest system received a major upgrade, as did the crafting system. Spellweaving was added to the skills. Many new dungeons were added to existing areas. This expansion was also the first that was only available online (offline versions on CDs could be ordered).

In June 2006, Electronic Arts announced that PunkBuster will be integrated into "Ultima Online". This marks the first time PunkBuster will be used with an MMORPG to help curb cheating/exploiting. However, this was never integrated into the game, and in November 2006, Electronic Arts announces that the integration of PunkBuster will be put on an indefinite hold. In August of that year ' was announced. This was the first major overhaul of the client and artwork systems since '. Unlike Third Dawn, all 9,000+ pieces of existing artwork/graphics in-game will have new versions created for the new client.

Easter eggs

"Ultima Online" has included some well known Easter eggs throughout the years.

* Lord British's throne is the top half of the "Ultima Online" logo.
* On rare occasions, casting the spell "energy vortex" will summon a purple llama instead of the purple cloud-like creature the spell is meant to summon. The purple llama is labeled in-game as "an energy vortex" and has the same powers as the creature the spell is named for.
* A monster called a slime existed in-game which is a small slithering blob. Some years ago on rare occasions, it was possible to encounter a slime that was renamed a "jwilson," which was purportedly named after magazine editor Johnny Wilson, who had given "Ultima Online" a bad review and thus earned a derisive place in the game by the developers.
* Cows may be tipped by clicking on them numerous times.
* Pigs and boars will "sit down" when double clicked numerous times.
* In Lord British's castle kitchen A quest For Pepta the tastetester will give you Pepta's Satiety Cure which is a Pink bottle that looks suspisciously like pepto bismol.

Awards

"Ultima Online"'s success resulted in Guinness World Records awarding the game 8 world records in the "Guinness World Records: Gamer's Edition 2008". These records include "First MMORPG to Reach 100,000 Players", "Longest Running MMORPG", and "First and Only Person to Kill Lord British", which was done by a player named Rainz during a server reset which turned off his invulnerability. [cite book|title=Guinness World Records: Gamer's Edition 2008]

See also

* "" ("Ultima Online 2") First canceled sequel.
* "" Second canceled sequel.
* Worlds of Ultima Online

References

* [http://www.uoforums.com/showthread.php?t=19725 UOForums.com] - "Interview with Punkbuster's Founder, Tony Ray".
* [http://www.uoforums.com/showthread.php?t=26593 UOForums.com] - "Interview with Jeremy Dalberg, Community Coordinator for Ultima Online".
* [http://www.uoforums.com/showthread.php?t=25427 UOForums.com] - "Interview with Tim "Draconi" Cotten, Designer for Ultima Online".
* [http://www.uoforums.com/showthread.php?t=20167 UOForums.com] - "Interview with Dave "Cathat" Brown, Character and Environmental artist".
* [http://www.uoforums.com/showthread.php?t=34290 UOForums.com] - "2nd Interview with Dave "Cathat" Brown, Character and Environmental artist".
* [http://www.uoforums.com/showthread.php?t=16707 UOForums.com] - "Interview with John "Wilki" Wilkinson, Designer for Ultima Online".

External links

* [http://www.uo.com/ UO.com] - The official Electronic Arts "Ultima Online" site.
* [http://uo.stratics.com/ UO Stratics] - "Ultima Online" fan site.
* [http://www.uoguide.com/ UOGuide] - "Ultima Online" fan wiki.