Fair Employment Practices Commission

Fair Employment Practices Commission

The Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) implemented US Executive Order 8802, requiring that companies with government contracts not discriminate on the basis of race or religion. It was intended to help African Americans and other minorities obtain jobs in the homefront industry. On June 25, 1941, President Roosevelt created the Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC) by signing Executive Order 8802, which stated, "there shall be no discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race, creed, color, or national origin." This was due in large part to the urging of A. Philip Randolph, who had the support of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.

In 1943, Roosevelt greatly strengthened the FEPC with a new executive order, Executive Order 9346. It required that all government contracts have a non-discrimination clause. During the World War II the federal government operated airfields, shipyards, supply centers, ammunition plants and other facilities that employed millions. FEPC rules applied and guaranteed equality of employment rights. Of course, these facilities shut down when the war ended. In the private sector the FEPC was generally successful in enforcing non-discrimination in the North, it did not attempt to challenge segregation in the South, and in the border region its intervention led to hate strikes by angry white workers.

But Congress had never enacted FEPC into law. In 1948, President Truman called for a permanent FEPC, anti-lynching legislation, and the abolishment of the poll tax. The conservative coalition in Congress prevented this. In 1950, the House approved a permanent FEPC bill. However, southern senators filibustered; the bill failed. Five states enacted and enforced their own FEPC laws: New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Washington.

References

* William J. Collins, "Race, Roosevelt, and Wartime Production: Fair Employment in World War II Labor Markets," "American Economic Review" 91:1 (March 2001), pp. 272-286. in JSTOR
* Finley, Keith M. "Delaying the Dream: Southern Senators and the Fight Against Civil Rights, 1938-1965" (Baton Rouge, LSU Press, 2008).
* Herbert Garfinkel. "When Negroes March: The March on Washington and the Organizational Politics for FEPC" 1959.
* [http://www.citadel.edu/civilrights/papers/hamer.pdf Fritz Hamer, "The Charleston Navy Yard and World War II: Implementing Executive Order 8802. 1941-1945" 2003 scholarly paper]
* Michael K. Honey. "Southern Labor and Black Civil Rights: Organizing Memphis Workers" (1993)
* [http://www.eh.net/bookreviews/library/0340.shtml Andrew Edmund Kersten, "Race, Jobs, and the War: The FEPC in the Midwest, 1941-46" (2000)]
* Merl E. Reed. "Seedtime for the Modern Civil Rights Movement: The President's Committee on Fair Employment Practice, 1941-1946" (1991)
* Santoro, Wayne Arthur. "The Civil Rights Movement's Struggle for Fair Employment: A "Dramatic Events-Conventional Politics" Model"
*"Social Forces" - Vol 81#1 (September 2002), pp. 177-206 in Project Muse.

External links

* [http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/odex8802.html copy of 8802]
* [http://www.oldwestbury.edu/faculty_pages/watson/reportsbooklet.doc MISSIONARY FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE: The Reports of Clarence Mitchell, Jr.] FEPC senior staff

ee also

*African-American Civil Rights Movement
*Civil rights
*President's Committee on Civil Rights


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно решить контрольную?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Fair Employment Practices Agency — (FEPA) USA A state or local equivalent of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). FEPAs enforce most of the state or local laws prohibiting employment discrimination, harassment and retaliation within their jurisdictions. Most FEPAs… …   Law dictionary

  • Fair Employment Practices Committee — (FEPC)    The FEPC was established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt by Executive Order 8802 on 25 June 1941. The order was issued in response to the threat of a March on Washington by African Americans led by A. Philip Randolph to protest the… …   Historical Dictionary of the Roosevelt–Truman Era

  • California Fair Political Practices Commission — The California Fair Political Practices Commission is the government body that enforces political campaign, lobbying, and conflict of interest laws in the state of California, similar to what the Federal Elections Commission does at the federal… …   Wikipedia

  • California Department of Fair Employment and Housing — Agency overview Formed 1959 Headquarters 2218 Kausen Drive, Suite 100 Elk Grove, California 95758 …   Wikipedia

  • Department of Fair Employment and Housing — The Department of Fair Employment and Housing (or DFEH) is a branch of the California government intended to protect civil rights. It is the largest such agency in the United States, and enforces state anti discrimination laws which pertain to… …   Wikipedia

  • Equal Employment Opportunity Commission — U.S. Govt. an independent federal agency created under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, to police a program (Equal Employment Opportunity) to eliminate discrimination in employment based on race, color, age, sex, national origin,… …   Universalium

  • Employment discrimination law in the United States — In the United States, employment discrimination is prohibited by a collection of state and federal laws, as well as by ordinances of counties and municipalities.Protected categoriesUnder Federal law, employers cannot discriminate against… …   Wikipedia

  • Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination — The Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination (MCAD) is the primary agency for civil rights law enforcement, outreach, and training in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Following the recommendation of a 1944 committee appointed by Governor …   Wikipedia

  • Employment — This article is about work. For the Kaiser Chiefs album, see Employment (album). Economics …   Wikipedia

  • Employment Division v. Smith — Employment Division of Oregon v. Smith Supreme Court of the United States Argued November 6, 1989 Dec …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”