Maria al-Qibtiyya

Part of a series on Islam Umm-al-Momineen Wives of Muhammad
Khadijah bint Khuwaylid Sawda bint Zamʿa Aisha bint Abi Bakr Hafsa bint Umar Zaynab bint Khuzayma Hind bint Abi Umayya Zaynab bint Jahsh Juwayriya bint al-Harith Ramlah bint Abi Sufyan Rayhana bint Zayd Safiyya bint Huyayy Maymuna bint al-Harith Maria al-Qibtiyya

Maria al-Qibtiyya (Arabic: مارية القبطية‎) (alternatively, "Maria Qupthiya"), or Maria the Copt, (died 637) was an Egyptian Coptic Christian slave who was sent as a gift from Muqawqis, a Byzantine official, to the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 628.^[1] Some sources say she became his wife, taking the title "Mother of the Believers" (Arabic: Ummahat-al-Mu'mineen). One source, Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya claims that she was only a concubine. She was the mother of Muhammad's son Ibrahim, who died in infancy. Her sister, Sirin, was also sent to Muhammad. Muhammad gave her to his follower Hassan ibn Thabit.^[2] Maria never remarried after Muhammad's death in 632, and died five years later. Her birthdate is unknown. No primary source mentions her age.

Year of the deputations

In the Islamic year 6 AH (627 – 628 CE), Muhammad is said to have had letters written to the great rulers of the Middle East, proclaiming the new faith and inviting the rulers to join. What purports to be texts of some of the letters are found in Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari's History of the Prophets and Kings, which was written some 250 years after the events it chronicled. Tabari writes that a deputation was sent to an Egyptian governor named as al-Muqawqis.

Tabari recounts the story of Maria's arrival from Egypt:

In this year Hātib b. Abi Balta'ah came back from al-Muqawqis bringing Māriyah and her sister Sīrīn, his female mule Duldul, his donkey Ya'fūr, and sets of garments. With the two women al-Muqawqis had sent a eununch, and the latter stayed with them. Hātib had invited them to become Muslims before he arrived with them, and Māriyah and her sister did so. The Messenger of God lodged them with Umm Sulaym bt. Milhān. Māriyah was beautiful. The Prophet sent her sister Sīrīn to Hassān b. Thābit and she bore him 'Abd al-Rahmān b. Hassān.

—Tabari, History of the Prophets and Kings.^[2]

Concubine Status

Multiple Scholars and authors have mentioned Maria al-Qibtiyya as one of the concubines (out of four) of Prophet Muhammad.

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did not marry Mariyah al-Qibtiyyah, rather she was a concubine who was given to him by al-Muqawqis, the ruler of Egypt. That took place after the treaty of al-Hudaybiyah. Mariyah al-Qibtiyyah was a Christian, then she became Muslim (may Allaah be pleased with her).

—Ibn Saad, The Life of Prophet

The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) lodged her – meaning Mariyah al-Qibtiyyah and her sister – with Umm Sulaym bint Milhaan, and the Messenger of Allaah (S) entered upon them and told them about Islam. He took Mariyah as a concubine and moved her to some property of his in al-‘Awaali… and she became a good Muslim.

—Al-Tabaqaat al-Kubra, 1/134-135

Mariyah died during the caliphate of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab, in Muharram of 16 AH. ‘Umar gathered the people himself to attend her funeral, and he led the funeral prayer for her. She was buried in al-Baqee’.

—Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr, Al-Isti’aab, 4/1912

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) had four concubines, one of whom was Mariyah.

—Ibn al-Qayyim , biography

Abu ‘Ubaydah said: He had four (concubines): Mariyah, who was the mother of his son Ibraaheem; Rayhaanah; another beautiful slave woman whom he acquired as a prisoner of war; and a slave woman who was given to him by Zaynab bint Jahsh.

—Zaad al-Ma’aad, 1/114

Maria in Muhammad's household

Muhammad lived in a mud-brick dwelling next to the Medina mosque, and each of his wives had her own mud-brick room, built in a line next to his. Maria, however, was lodged in a house on the edge of Medina. Maria is also not listed as a wife in one of the earliest sources, such as Ibn Hisham's notes on Ibn Ishaq's Sira.^[3] Muslim sources are unanimous in saying that she was accorded the same honor and respect given Muhammad's wives, pointing out that she was given the same title as Muhammad's wives – "Mother of the Believers."

Issue

Maria and Muhammad had one son, Ibrahim who was named after the prophet Ibrahim (Muhammad's paternal greatest-grandfather known, Muhammad is mentioned that he is a grandson of Ismail ) The boy died about six years old, in the laps of his own father (according to tradition), while his father was sobbing on him. This wasn't new to Muhammad, because he had previous sons dead before. According to tradition, Allah didn't make Muhammad's sons live for long so there will be no next prophet, and to complete the prophecy of Muhammad being "The Last of the Prophets"

See also

• List of non-Arab Sahaba

Notes

1. ^ Ibn Ishaq, The Life of Muhammad, p. 653.
2. ^ ^{a b} Tabari, p. 131.
3. ^ Ibn Ishaq, pp. 691 – 798 (page numbers in the english translation by A.Guillaume)

References

• Gilchrist, John. Muhammad and the Religion of Islam. Benoni, Republic of South Africa, 1986.
• Ibn Ishaq, translation by A. Guillaume (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Oxford University Press.
• Rodinson, Maxime Muhammad. Random House, Inc., New York, 2002.
• Tabari (1997). Vol. 8 of the Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk. State University of New York Press.
• Ibn Saad The Sira of Muhammad.

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Name	Maria Al-Qibtiyya
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Date of death	637
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