South Table Mountain (Colorado)

Infobox Mountain
Name = South Table Mountain
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Elevation = 6,319 feet
Location = Golden, Colorado
Range = Front Range
Prominence = Castle Rock
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Topographic
USGS Golden
Type = Mesa
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First ascent = February 14, 1859 by George Andrew Jackson, Thomas L. Golden and members of Chicago Company
Easiest route = South slope via Quaker Street
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South Table Mountain is a mesa located just southeast of Golden, Colorado in Jefferson County, Colorado. Its most disctinctive feature is its cap of basalt rock formed from ancient lava flows. South Table Mountain is a popular scenic and recreational destination of the Denver metro area, and most of it is preserved as Jefferson County Open Space. Its landmark prominence is Castle Rock, a small higher butte projecting from the mesa's northwest end. The mountain has a twin formation nearby, known as North Table Mountain.

History

In times far past South Table Mountain was ascended and used by American Indian tribes of the region, and archaeological remains are known to exist on its top. A piece of grape shot thought to be from either Spanish explorers or fur traders was found by Arthur Lakes on the mesa top in April 1895. The earliest recorded ascents of the mesa occurred during the Colorado Gold Rush in 1859. In 1906 father and son William H. and Clyde L. Ashworth built the original Castle Rock Resort, a cafe atop Castle Rock, where visitors were taken by burro up a trail up the north flank of Castle Rock. After vandalism destroyed it in 1907 the venture was abandoned until Charles F. Quaintance revived it in 1908 with a new cafe and burro train and a road built by Harry Hartzell from the south slope. This was supplemented in 1913 with a lighthouse, dance hall and funicular incline railway to the top. Business faded with the advent of the Denver Mountain Parks, and the funicular rails were salvaged for the allied effort in World War I in 1918. The idle resort was taken over by the Ku Klux Klan during the 1920s as a major meeting and ceremonial place during its rise to power in Colorado. The resort burned to the ground in an arson fire in 1927. During the 1910s-20s the city of Denver quarried gravel from the mountain's northeast alcove. In 1935 the Works Progress Administration built the Colorado Amphitheater for Camp George West on its southern side. Developers in 1957 originally wanted to build the Magic Mountain theme park at its northeastern alcove until residents of Applewood protested and convinced them to build elsewhere. Subsequent attempts to develop or quarry the mountain including condominiums and a corporate headquarters continued through the remainder of the 20th century and the mesa was gradually purchased or placed under easement by Jefferson County for open space. Today much of South Table Mountain is open to the public, while southern portions are occupied by the Colorado State Patrol and National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

Feature Names

Although not necessarily recorded on USGS maps, several historically named features are part of South Table Mountain:

* Castle Rock, originally known as "Table Rock", butte prominence at northwest end
* Slaughterhouse Gulch, a gulch upon its northern slope, likely named for farms once in the Coors Brewery valley
* Long Gulch, a lengthy gulch along Quaker Street on the south slope
* Crystal Springs, natural water springs in the vicinity of the head of Long Gulch

Wildlife

Among the animals known to frequent the mesa through time include mountain sheep, mountain lions, deer, elk and more. Of these most except for the mountain sheep continue to live upon the mountain today.

Ascent Trivia

First Ascent - earliest by a person of confirmed identity was on Valentine's Day 1859 by gold discoverer George A. Jackson, partner Thomas L. Golden and members of the Chicago Company, a gold seeking party, all of whom were hunting mountain sheep atop the mesa.
Fastest Ascent - a disputed title, according to the "Colorado Transcript" issue of September 8, 1904, between David G. Dargin climbing to top of Castle Rock in 23:55:3-5 on November 6, 1859 and Charles Wade climbing to top of Castle Rock from starting point of Washington Avenue Bridge at Clear Creek in 23:54:1-2 around February 1861.
First Automobile Ascent - by Stanley Steamer driven by George Hering with 4 passengers (including Charles F. Quaintance) and camera equipment in 1908.
Fastest Automobile Ascent - same as first automobile ascent, timed from starting point at 13th Street and Washington Avenue in 12 minutes 45 seconds, via South Golden Road and Quaker Street, proof of ascent published on front page of the "Transcript" showing automobile with passengers atop Castle Rock.
Helicopter Ascent - made "Transcript" front page during the 1970s when helicopter made a forced landing atop Castle Rock.

References

*gnis|202838|South Table Mountain