Essonne

Infobox_Department_of_France
department=Essonne|number=91
region=Île-de-France
prefecture=Évry
subprefectures=Étampes
Palaiseau
population=1,193,497
1,134,238|pop_date=Jan.1, 2006 estimate
-March 8, 1999 census|pop_rank=14th|density=662
area=1,804|area_scale=9
arrond=3|cantons=42|communes=196
president=Michel Berson|pres_party=PS
img_coa=blason91.png

Essonne is a French department in the region of Île-de-France. It is named after the Essonne River.

It was formed on January 1, 1968 with the split of the Seine-et-Oise department.

History

The Essonne department was created on January 1, 1968, from the southern portion of the former department of Seine-et-Oise.

In 1969, the communes of Châteaufort and Toussus-le-Noble were separated from Essonne and added to the department of Yvelines.

Geography

Essonne belongs to the region of Île-de-France.

It has borders with the departments of:
*Hauts-de-Seine and Val-de-Marne to the north,
*Seine-et-Marne to the east,
*Loiret to the south,
*Eure-et-Loir and Yvelines to the west.

All of northern Essonne department belongs to the Parisian agglomeration and is very urbanized. The south remains rural.

In descending order, the cities over 25,000 population are: Évry, Corbeil-Essonnes, Massy, Savigny-sur-Orge, Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, Viry-Châtillon, Athis-Mons, Palaiseau, Draveil, Yerres, Les Ulis, and Vigneux-sur-Seine. Milly-la-Forêt is an example of its more rural communes.

Notable Places

*L'École Polytechnique: Founded in 1794, L'Ecole Polytechnique is one of the most prestigious engineering universities in France. This university is ranked 10th in the world by Times Higher Education Supplement in 2005. Its campus is in the town of Palaiseau.
*Université de Paris-Sud: One of the best public schools in France, it is ranked 52nd by Academic Ranking of World Universities. It is best known for its physics department. Located in Orsay, Essonne, about 26,000 students are enrolled.
*The Headquarters of the Arianespace Company: A major commercial aerospace launcher, servicing companies who wish to launch satellites into space.
* Château de Montlhéry: Originally having been an ancient fort during Roman times, the first feudal lords began to inhabit the castle around 1000 AD. One major battle was fought in the castle during its lifetime. In 1465, Charles the Rash and French King Louis XI fought in the plains in front of the castle. In 1842, the reconstruction of the castle was started, and currently is being maintained by the local town of Montlhery
* Château de Courances
* The Forest of Sénart: Covering 3,500 hectares in area, this forest is very important to the local population. The local government has kept roads and agricultural companies from cutting down parts of this forest. There are roughly 2-3 million visitors a year, and the government spends 1.2 million euros a year maintaining the forest.

Demographics

Immigration

France immigration
collectivity_name=Essonne
census_year=1999
metropolitan_France=84.7
outside_metropolitan_France=15.3
overseas_France=1.8
foreign_French= 2.8
EU-15=4.0
non-EU-15=6.7

ee also

*Cantons of the Essonne department
*Communes of the Essonne department
*Arrondissements of the Essonne department

External links

* [http://www.essonne.pref.gouv.fr Prefecture website]
* [http://www.essonne.fr/ General council website]
* [http://www.flickr.com/groups/essonne/pool/ Flickr Photography Group for Essone region]