Parthenocissus quinquefolia

:"Virginia Creeper redirects here. For the trail, see Virginia Creeper Trail. For the Grant-Lee Phillips album, see Virginia Creeper (album)."Taxobox
name = Virginia Creeper

---

image_width = 240px
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Magnoliopsida
ordo = Vitales
familia = Vitaceae
genus = "Parthenocissus"
species = "P. quinquefolia"
binomial = "Parthenocissus quinquefolia"
binomial_authority = (L.) Planch.

Virginia creeper or five-leaved ivy ("Parthenocissus quinquefolia") is a woody vine native to eastern and central North America, in southeastern Canada, the eastern and central United States, eastern Mexico, and Guatemala, west as far as Manitoba, South Dakota, Utah and Texas.

It is a prolific climber, reaching heights of 20 to 30 m in the wild. It climbs smooth surfaces using small forked tendrils tipped with small strongly adhesive pads 5 mm in size. The leaves are palmately compound, composed of five leaflets (rarely three leaflets, particularly on younger vines) joined from a central point on the leafstalk, and range from 3 to 20 cm (rarely 30 cm) across. The leaflets have a toothed margin, which makes it easy to distinguish from poison-ivy, which has three leaflets with smooth edges.

The flowers are small and greenish, produced in clusters in late spring, and mature in late summer or early fall into small hard purplish-black berries 5 to 7 mm diameter. These berries contain oxalic acid, which is poisonous to humans and other mammals, and may be fatal if eaten. However, accidental poisoning is uncommon, likely because of the bad taste of the berries. Despite being poisonous to mammals, they provide an important winter food source for birds. Oxalate crystals are also contained in the sap, and can cause irritation and skin rash [http://poisonivy.aesir.com/view/virginia-creeper.html]

Cultivation and uses

Virginia creeper is grown as an ornamental plant, because of its deep red to burgundy fall foliage. It is frequently seen covering telephone poles or trees. The creeper may kill vegetation it covers by shading its support and thus limiting the supporting plants' ability to photosynthesize.

Virginia creeper can be used as a shading vine for buildings on masonry walls. Because the vine, like its relative Boston ivy, adheres to the surface by disks rather than penetrating roots, it will not harm the masonry but will keep a building cooler by shading the wall surface during the summer, saving money on air conditioning. As with ivy, trying to rip the plant from the wall will damage the surface; but if the plant is first killed, such as by severing the vine from the root, the adhesive pads will eventually deteriorate and release their grip.

Native Americans used the plant as an herbal remedy for diarrhea, difficult urination, swelling, and lockjaw.

Also known as "Engelmann's Ivy" in Canada.

ee also

*"Parthenocissus vitacea", False Virginia Creeper, Thicket Creeper, etc, a very similar and closely related vine.
*Ivy
*The Virginia Creeper, a mountain railroad
*George B. McClellan, a major general in the American Civil War

External links

* [http://www.fs.fed.us/global/iitf/pdf/shrubs/Parthenocissus%20quinquefolia.pdf USDA Forest Service fact sheet on Virginia Creeper]
* [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?26804 Germplasm Resources Information Network: "Parthenocissus quinquefolia"]
* [http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/paqu2.htm "Parthenocissus quinquefolia" images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]