Ancud

Infobox City
official_name = Ancud
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flag_size = 150px
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image_shield = Ancud.jpg
shield_size = 100px
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mapsize = 100px
map_caption =Location of the Commune of Ancud
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subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = Chile
subdivision_type1 = Region
subdivision_name1 = Los Lagos
subdivision_type2 = Province
subdivision_name2 = Chiloé
subdivision_type3 =
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government_type =
leader_title = Mayor
leader_name = Pablo Ossio Muñoz
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established_title = Founded as
established_date = San Carlos de Chiloé
established_title2 = Founded
established_date2 = 20 August, 1768
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area_total_km2 = 1752
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population_as_of = 2002
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population_total = 39946
population_density_km2 = 22.80
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timezone = Chile Time (CLT) [cite web |url=http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-time.htm |accessdate=2007-05-05 |title=Chile Time |publisher=World Time Zones .org]
utc_offset = -4
timezone_DST = Chile Summer Time (CLST) [cite web |url=http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-summer-time.htm |accessdate=2007-05-05 |title=Chile Summer Time |publisher=World Time Zones .org]
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latd= 41|latm= 52|lats= |latNS=S
longd= 73|longm= 50|longs= |longEW=W
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website = http://www.muniancud.cl
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Ancud (coord|41|52|S|73|50|W|) is a city in southern Chile located in the northernmost part of the island and province of Chiloé, in Los Lagos Region (Chile's eleventh region from north to south).

Geography and Demography

The population of the municipality "comuna" of Ancud was 39,946 according to the 2002 INE Census while that of the city proper amounted to 27,292 people. Two thirds of the population of the "comuna" live in urban centers while one third live in rural areas. The comuna has a surface of 1,752 km² and a population density of 22,8 and is bordered on the north, west and northeast by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Quemchi, and on the south by Dalcahue.

History

Between 1767 and 1982, Ancud was the capital of the province of Chiloé and in 1840 became the see of a Catholic diocese.

Ancud was founded on August 20, 1767 under the reign of Don Carlos III. The viceroy of Peru, Manuel de Amat y Juniet, was commanded to fortify the north end of the island of Chiloé; he instructed the Brigadier Don Carlos de Beranger y Renaud to raise a fort on the north-western tip of the island. The fort was intended to defend navigation around the southern tip of South America from English threats.

Beranger, who was named governor of Chiloé, founded the Villa y Fuerte Real de San Carlos de Chiloé in 1768. He moved the inhabitants of Chacao to the new settlement and from that moment the new town became the seat of the governor and the main port of the island, like Antemural of Spanish America in its Southern possessions, beginning an incessant policy of fortifications of the bay, by means of the installation of equipped with artillery batteries that constituted an important defensive complex, that he had in the castle from San Miguel Agüi to his main strength. As of 1784 the villa of San Carlos was the seat of Intendance of Chiloé, erected in that year, employee of the virreinato of the Peru, whose first holder was Stolen Francisco of the Pine.

Initiated by the alterations derived from the junta in the Kingdom of Chile, Chiloé stayed faithful to the Crown and thus, by order of the viceroy Abascal, it disembarked from the "Villa y Fuerte Real" in 1813 Brigadier Don Even Antonio with the order to form an expedition to recover the real power in the Kingdom of Chile. Formed east army in Chiloé it left from the villa and Real Fort of San Carlos towards Valdivia and from initiated the combats against the independentistas of the kingdom of Chile there, that culminated with the defeat of these in in call Disaster of Rancagua and the later victorious entrance of chilotes in the city of Santiago the 5 of October 1814.Produced the independence of Chile, it continued faithful Chiloé to the monarchy and under governing Don Antonio de Quintanilla, from the villa and Real Fort of San Carlos the defense of Chiloé as opposed to the attack of Lord Cochrane was organized, that was defeated when trying to assault the castle of San Miguel de Agüi 1820. Years later the expedition directed by Ramon Freire would be defeated in the battle of Mocopulli (1 of April 1824) and only two years later the Chilean troops would overcome the resistance chilota in the fields of Pudeto and Bellavista (14 of January 1826), after which the Treaty of Tantauco was agreed, that it sealed the annexation from Chiloé to the republic of Chile.

Annexed Chiloé to the Republic of Chile, it assumed like governor colonel Jose Santiago de Aldunate (1826) who few months later was catched in the villa of San Carlos de Chiloé by sergeant major Manuel Sources, that made reunite to an assembly the 12 of May 1826 and declared to free Chiloé of the other provinces of Chile, but this movement was choked the 19 of July of that same year.

Only years later, by virtue of the law of the 4 of July 1834 the title of capital city and declaring it of the province of Chiloé changed to the nameto the villa of San Carlos de Chiloé by the one of Ancud, giving him to it . Six years later, the Pope Gregorio XVI, by virtue of bula Ubi primum, of 1 of 1840 July, erected the diocese of San Carlos de Ancud locating the episcopal chair in the city of Ancud, whose first titular bishop was Dominican the Right Donoso Vivanco, important canon lawyer, later bishop of the Night love song and minister of justice, cult and public instruction.

During century XIX now the city of Ancud was characterized by one active commercial life, as a result of an intense marine commerce, that began to decay when the opening of the Panama Canal took place. In the first years of century XX an important colony of settlers settled down in the neighborhoods of the city of Ancud, specially, Germans, who gave a new impulse to the commerce, agriculture, cattle ranch and education, without damage of which the arrival from the railroad to Montt Port in 1912 marked a little while of crisis for the commercial activity of Ancud, that began a slow decay.

The education in Ancud received a fort impulse during century XIX with the foundation of the Council Seminary of Ancud the 13 of April 1845, under the episcopado one of monsignor Justo Donoso, and soon with the foundation of the "Grammar school of Ancud" the 11 of October of 1868 and just a short time later with the arrival to the city of the nuns of the Congregation of the Immaculate Conception the 3 of November of 1874.

When being implanted the regionalización (1982) Ancud stopped being the capital of the province of Chiloé, although for judicial effects its Court of Letters has rank of Court of province capital.

Sites of Interest

* Hard San Antonio is located to 800 [Meter|m] ] of the seat of arms by Baquedano street until San Antonio.
* Powder magazine. Located to 700 meters of the Seat of arms in the direction of Heavy Sand.
* Regional museum of Ancud. Located in front of the Seat of Arms of the city.
* Quetalmahue is located to 14 km of Ancud.
* [http://www.pinguineraschiloe.cl/ Pinguineras de Puñihuil] . 25 km to the southwest of Ancud are located about.
* Light Crown is located to 28 km to the northwest of the city of Ancud, in the sector of Guapilacuy.
* Chepu river is located to about 30 km of Ancud and runs by the valley of the same name.
* Hard Ahui is located in the peninsula of Lacuy to 39 km of Ancud.
* Sanctuary of the Birds of Ancud is located in the Bay of Caulín

Administration

Ancud belongs to the 58th Electoral District nº and 17ª Senatorial Circumscription (the South Lakes).

It is represented in the House of Representatives of the National Congress by the deputies Claudius Alvarado of the UDI and Gabriel Ascencio of the PDC. As well, it is represented in the Senate by senators Camilo Escalona of the PS and Carlos Kuschel of RN.

See also

*Churches of Chiloé
*Islotes de Puñihuil Natural Monument

References

External links

*http://www.regiondeloslagos.cl
* [http://local.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=Ancud,+Chile&ie=UTF8&om=1&z=8&ll=-42.730874,-73.416138&spn=1.997374,5.39978&t=k&iwloc=addr Satellite view of the Chiloé archipielago (Google maps)]
* [http://local.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=Ancud,+Chile&ie=UTF8&z=12&t=k&om=1&iwloc=addr Satellite view of Ancud (Google maps)]