Kapap

Kapap ( _he. קפא"פ, קפ"פ), short for Krav Panim el Panim, translated as "face to face combat", is a combat system of defensive tactics, hand-to-hand combat and self defense, which was further developed into it's modern version of Kapap Combat Concepts.

History

The Kapap system was developed in the late 1930s, within the Jewish Aliyah camps (ma-ha-not Olim) as part of preparatory training before their arrival in Palestine.Fact|date=January 2008 It became a concept of fighting rather than a fighting system, due to the fighting skills contribution it gave the practitioner. The Palmach adopted the Kapap as an ongoing combat development program for their recruits.

It was primarily considered a practical skill set that was acquired during the training period of the Palmach fighter. The main focus was to upgrade the Physical endurance, elevate and strengthen the spirit, developing a defensive and offensive skill set when needed. It included physical training and endurance, cold weapon practical usage, Boxing and jujutsu, and knife and stick fighting.

Main contributors

Gershon Kopler: judo and jujutsu InstructorFact|date=January 2008 who organized and established the self-defense concept as part of the Kapap training in the Palmach and Haganah.

Yehuda Marcus: Palmach’s physical training judo and jujitsu chief Instructor,Fact|date=January 2008 who replaced Gershon Kopler;

Moshe Finkel: Palmach’s fitness training officer, integrated the different typologies of the art into the training regime.

Maishel Horovitz: Palmach’s official Kapap Instructor, was in charge of the development of the short stick fight tactics at the Palmach and made it famous to the term Kapap.

Yitzhak Sade: Palmach’s commander who adopted the Kapap training doctrinesFact|date=May 2008

The "Walking Stick Method of Self-Defence" (La canne) was already part of the Kapap syllabus; it was adopted from the British forces in India and was still taught as an answer to the threat of the Arab locals who were equipped with the “Nabut” (1 meter long stick).

The most emphasized part of training was the use of sticks (short and long). The short stick method became most popular by use, due to the adaptation of the young generation of recruits. Among the sticks used in the Kapap fighting, the short stick was most commonly used and therefore practiced. It was favored due to its concealability in the sleeve until the actual fight began (Mêlée) on the streets.

Training

The Kapap system was based on principles and not techniques

Kapap Training included:
*Proper body posture
*Relative positioning
*Striking shapes
*Striking methods
*Stick/baton defense
*Stick/Baton Attack

Modern day/Renewed system

Kapap as a term was officially abandoned by the Military due to ongoing change in its infrastructure and common terminology to fit the modern day. Since the '40s and up until the year 2000 the term Kapap was limited in use and usually described the historical term from the early days of the Jewish Underground movements Palmach and Haganah.

At the end of year 2000 a group of people headed by Chaim Peer and Avi Nardia decided to renew the use of the term Kapap/Krav Panim El Panim and established the International Kapap Federation, an NPO organization in Israel. Avi Nardia moved to the USA in 2003 and started the unique development of the Kapap system.

In 2008 Instructors Avi Nardia and Albert Timen had published the KAPAP COMBAT CONCEPTS book with Black Belt Magazine.Fact|date=May 2008 This book is the only written material about the specific style of the Modern Kapap as taught by KAPAP ACADEMY.

Sources

* [http://www.palmach.org.il/ Palmch online Museum]
* [http://www.historicalkapap.com/ Historical Kapap site]
* [http://www.usadojo.com/styles/about-lotar-kapap.htm] Kapap-Lotar History
* [http://lacannevigny.wordpress.com/israel-connection/ Israel connection]
* [http://lacannevigny.wordpress.com/israel-connection/ The Walking Stick in Mandatory Palestine and Israel]
* [http://www.blackbeltmag.com/archives/141 Inside Israel] Article by Black Belt Magazine
* [http://www.amazon.com/Kapap-Combat-Concepts-Martial-Israeli/dp/0897501616] THE KAPAP Combat Concepts Book

External links

* [http://www.kapapacademy.com/ Kapap Academy]