- Henry II, Duke of Austria
Heinrich (Henry) II, (1107 –
January 13 ,1177 ), Count Palatine of the Rhine, 1140-1141,Margrave of Austria from 1141 to 1156 and, as Heinrich (Henry) XI, alsoDuke ofBavaria from 1141 to 1156, Duke of Austria, 1156-1177, was a prince of theBabenberg dynasty.As the son of Markgrave Leopold III, he first became Count Palatine of the Rhine until being appointed Duke of Bavaria and Margrave of Austria when his brother Leopold IV unexpectedly died.
In the course of the dispute between the
Welfen and Staufen dynasties in theHoly Roman Empire , the duchy of Bavaria had been taken away from the Welf Henry the Proud by the emperor and given to the Babenberg dynasty. The new Emperor Friedrich I tried to reach a compromise with the Welfs and endowed the son of Henry the Proud,Henry the Lion , with Bavaria in 1156. A replacement had to be found for the Babenberg family, namely thePrivilegium Minus , by which Austria was elevated to a duchy and gained complete independence from Bavaria.Other than his father, who resided in
Klosterneuburg for most of the time, Henry moved his residence toVienna in 1145. Only by this act could the modern Austrian capital surpass cities such asKrems ,Melk or Klosterneuburg. Since then, it has remained the capital of the country. Also in 1147, St. Stephen's Cathedral was completed, which became a visible landmark of the city, showing its prominence. In 1155, Henry founded theSchottenstift monastery in Vienna, in the courtyard of which a statue of him stands to this day.Until 1143, he was married to
Gertrud of Supplinburg , the daughter of Emperor Lothar II. In 1148 he marriedTheodora Comnena , a niece of theByzantine Emperor Manuel I. Both marriages strongly show the importance of the House of Babenberg inCentral Europe in that period.Henry's brother was the important chronicler
Otto of Freising . His sister Judith was the wife ofWilliam V of Montferrat .Henry's nickname, "Jasomirgott", was first documented during the 13th century in the form of "Jochsamergott", the meaning of which is unclear. According to one theory, it is derived from an Arab word bearing a connection to the
Second Crusade where Henry participated in 1146. According to a popular etymology, it is derived from the formula "Ja so mir Gott helfe" (meaning: "Yes, God willing").
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