CD59

CD59 molecule, complement regulatory protein
PDB rendering based on 1cdq.
Available structures PDB 1CDQ, 1CDR, 1CDS, 1ERG, 1ERH, 2J8B, 2OFS, 2UWR, 2UX2
Identifiers
Symbols	CD59; 16.3A5; 1F5; EJ16; EJ30; EL32; FLJ38134; FLJ92039; G344; HRF-20; HRF20; MAC-IP; MACIF; MEM43; MGC2354; MIC11; MIN1; MIN2; MIN3; MIRL; MSK21; p18-20
External IDs	OMIM: 107271 MGI: 1888996 HomoloGene: 56386 GeneCards: CD59 Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • protein binding • GPI anchor binding Cellular component • extracellular region • membrane fraction • plasma membrane • cell surface • anchored to membrane • anchored to external side of plasma membrane Biological process • negative regulation of activation of membrane attack complex • cell surface receptor linked signaling pathway • blood coagulation • negative regulation of cytolysis Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	966	333883
Ensembl	ENSG00000085063	ENSMUSG00000068686
UniProt	P13987	Q6PBG1
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000611.5	NM_181858.1
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000602.1	NP_862906.1
Location (UCSC)	Chr 11: 33.72 – 33.76 Mb	Chr 2: 103.91 – 103.93 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Protectin, a complement regulatory protein, also known as CD59, or MIRL (membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis) is a human gene and protein.^[1]

CD59 inhibits the complement membrane attack complex by binding C5b678 and preventing C9 from binding and polymerizing.^[2] It is present on "self" cells to prevent complement from damaging them. CD59, along with CD55 are not present in the condition paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Viruses such as HIV, human cytomegalovirus and vaccinia incorporate host cell CD59 into their own viral envelope to prevent lysis by complement.^[3]

References

1. ^ "Entrez Gene: CD59 molecule, complement regulatory protein". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=966&rn=1. 
2. ^ Huang Y, Qiao F, Abagyan R, Hazard S, Tomlinson S (September 2006). "Defining the CD59-C9 binding interaction". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (37): 27398–27404. doi:10.1074/jbc.M603690200. PMID 16844690. 
3. ^ Bohana-Kashtan O, Ziporen L, Donin N, Kraus S, Fishelson Z (July 2004). "Cell signals transduced by complement". Mol. Immunol. 41 (6–7): 583–597. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2004.04.007. PMID 15219997. 

Further reading

• Tandon N, Morgan BP, Weetman AP (1992). "Expression and function of membrane attack complex inhibitory proteins on thyroid follicular cells". Immunology 75 (2): 372–7. PMC 1384722. PMID 1372592. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1384722. 
• Holmes CH, Simpson KL, Okada H et al. (1992). "Complement regulatory proteins at the feto-maternal interface during human placental development: distribution of CD59 by comparison with membrane cofactor protein (CD46) and decay accelerating factor (CD55)". Eur. J. Immunol. 22 (6): 1579–1585. doi:10.1002/eji.1830220635. PMID 1376264. 
• Hahn WC, Menu E, Bothwell AL et al. (1992). "Overlapping but nonidentical binding sites on CD2 for CD58 and a second ligand CD59". Science 256 (5065): 1805–1807. doi:10.1126/science.1377404. PMID 1377404. 
• Ninomiya H, Sims PJ (1992). "The human complement regulatory protein CD59 binds to the alpha-chain of C8 and to the "b"domain of C9". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (19): 13675–80. PMID 1377690. 
• Petranka JG, Fleenor DE, Sykes K et al. (1992). "Structure of the CD59-encoding gene: further evidence of a relationship to murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6 protein". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (17): 7876–7879. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.17.7876. PMC 49817. PMID 1381503. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=49817. 
• Motoyama N, Okada N, Yamashina M, Okada H (1992). "Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria due to hereditary nucleotide deletion in the HRF20 (CD59) gene". Eur. J. Immunol. 22 (10): 2669–2673. doi:10.1002/eji.1830221029. PMID 1382994. 
• Rooney IA, Morgan BP (1992). "Characterization of the membrane attack complex inhibitory protein CD59 antigen on human amniotic cells and in amniotic fluid". Immunology 76 (4): 541–7. PMC 1421564. PMID 1383132. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1421564. 
• Tone M, Walsh LA, Waldmann H (1992). "Gene structure of human CD59 and demonstration that discrete mRNAs are generated by alternative polyadenylation". J. Mol. Biol. 227 (3): 971–976. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(92)90239-G. PMID 1383553. 
• Philbrick WM, Palfree RG, Maher SE et al. (1990). "The CD59 antigen is a structural homologue of murine Ly-6 antigens but lacks interferon inducibility". Eur. J. Immunol. 20 (1): 87–92. doi:10.1002/eji.1830200113. PMID 1689664. 
• Sawada R, Ohashi K, Anaguchi H et al. (1990). "Isolation and expression of the full-length cDNA encoding CD59 antigen of human lymphocytes". DNA Cell Biol. 9 (3): 213–220. doi:10.1089/dna.1990.9.213. PMID 1692709. 
• Yamashina M, Ueda E, Kinoshita T et al. (1990). "Inherited complete deficiency of 20-kilodalton homologous restriction factor (CD59) as a cause of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria". N. Engl. J. Med. 323 (17): 1184–1189. doi:10.1056/NEJM199010253231707. PMID 1699124. 
• Rooney IA, Morgan BP (1991). "Protection of human amniotic epithelial cells (HAEC) from complement-mediated lysis: expression on the cells of three complement inhibitory membrane proteins". Immunology 71 (3): 308–11. PMC 1384423. PMID 1702747. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1384423. 
• Watts MJ, Dankert JR, Morgan EP (1990). "Isolation and characterization of a membrane-attack-complex-inhibiting protein present in human serum and other biological fluids". Biochem. J. 265 (2): 471–7. PMC 1136908. PMID 2302178. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1136908. 
• Okada H, Nagami Y, Takahashi K et al. (1989). "20 KDa homologous restriction factor of complement resembles T cell activating protein". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 162 (3): 1553–1559. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)90852-8. PMID 2475111. 
• Davies A, Simmons DL, Hale G et al. (1989). "CD59, an LY-6-like protein expressed in human lymphoid cells, regulates the action of the complement membrane attack complex on homologous cells". J. Exp. Med. 170 (3): 637–654. doi:10.1084/jem.170.3.637. PMC 2189447. PMID 2475570. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2189447. 
• Sawada R, Ohashi K, Okano K et al. (1989). "Complementary DNA sequence and deduced peptide sequence for CD59/MEM-43 antigen, the human homologue of murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6C". Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (16): 6728–6728. doi:10.1093/nar/17.16.6728. PMC 318369. PMID 2476718. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=318369. 
• Sugita Y, Tobe T, Oda E et al. (1990). "Molecular cloning and characterization of MACIF, an inhibitor of membrane channel formation of complement". J. Biochem. 106 (4): 555–7. PMID 2606909. 
• Bora NS, Gobleman CL, Atkinson JP et al. (1994). "Differential expression of the complement regulatory proteins in the human eye". Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 34 (13): 3579–84. PMID 7505007. 
• Kieffer B, Driscoll PC, Campbell ID et al. (1994). "Three-dimensional solution structure of the extracellular region of the complement regulatory protein CD59, a new cell-surface protein domain related to snake venom neurotoxins". Biochemistry 33 (15): 4471–4482. doi:10.1021/bi00181a006. PMID 7512825. 
• Kennedy SP, Rollins SA, Burton WV et al. (1994). "Protection of porcine aortic endothelial cells from complement-mediated cell lysis and activation by recombinant human CD59". Transplantation 57 (10): 1494–501. PMID 7515200. 

External links

• MeSH CD59+Antigen