Hyaluronidase

Hyaluronidase

drugbox
IUPAC_name = Sheep hyaluronidase


CAS_number = 488712-31-8
ATC_prefix = B06
ATC_suffix = AA03
ATC_supplemental =
PubChem =
DrugBank = BTD00022
C=2455 | H=3775 | N=617 | O=704 | S=21
molecular_weight = 53870.9 g/mol
bioavailability =
protein_bound =
metabolism =
elimination_half-life =
pregnancy_category = C
legal_status =
routes_of_administration = subcutaneousThe hyaluronidases (EC number|3.2.1.35) are a family of enzymes that degrade hyaluronic acid.

By catalyzing the hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid, a major constituent of the interstitial barrier, hyaluronidase lowers the viscosity of hyaluronic acid, thereby increasing tissue permeability. It is, therefore, used in medicine in conjunction with other drugs in order to speed their dispersion and delivery. The most common application is in ophthalmic surgery, in which it is used in combination with local anesthetics. It also increases the absorption rate of parenteral fluids given by , and is an adjunct in subcutaneous urography for improving resorption of radiopaque agents. Hyalurodinase is also used for extravasation of hyperosmolar solutions. usually a 0.2 ml of the drug is injected around the area of extravasation, Total of 1 ml is used.

Some bacteria, such as "Staphylococcus aureus", "Streptococcus pyogenes", and "Clostridium perfringens", produce hyaluronidase as a means for greater mobility through the body's tissues and as an antigenic disguise that prevents their being recognized by phagocytes of the immune system.

In most mammalian fertilization, hyaluronidase is released by the acrosome of the sperm cell after it has reached the oocyte, by digesting proteins in the zona pellucida, thus enabling conception.

Brand names of animal-derived hyaluronidase include HydaseTM (developed and manufactured by [http://www.primapharm.net PrimaPharm Inc.] , distributed by [http://www.akorn.com Akorn Inc.] ) which has been FDA approved as a "Thimerosal free" animal-derived hyaluronidase, Vitrase (ISTA Pharmaceuticals), Amphadase (Amphastar Pharmaceuticals) and Wydase. Wydase, however, is no longer manufactured. On December 2, 2005, the FDA approved a synthetic (recombinant or rDNA) "human" hyaluronidase, Hylenex (Halozyme Therapeutics).

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Hyaluronidase — Bezeichner Gen Name …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • hyaluronidase — ● hyaluronidase nom féminin Enzyme diminuant la viscosité des milieux riches en acide hyaluronique …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • hyaluronidase — [hī΄əl o͞orän′i dās΄] n. [< HYALURONIC ACID + ID(E) + ASE] an enzyme that inactivates hyaluronic acid by breaking down its polymeric structure, thus promoting the diffusion of substances through tissues: found in sperm cells, certain venoms… …   English World dictionary

  • Hyaluronidase — Les hyaluronidases (EC 3.2.1.35) sont une classe d enzymes qui dégradent les acides hyaluroniques En catalysant l hydrolyse des acides hyaluroniques, des composants majeurs des liaisons inter cellulaires, les hyaluronidases abaissent la viscosité …   Wikipédia en Français

  • hyaluronidase — 1. Term used loosely for hyaluronate lyase, hyaluronoglucosaminidase, and hyaluronoglucuronidase, one or more of which are present in testis, sperm, other organs, bee and snake venoms, type II pneumonococci, certain hemolytic …   Medical dictionary

  • hyaluronidase — n. an enzyme that depolymerizes hyaluronic acid and therefore increases the permeability of connective tissue. Hyaluronidase is found in the testes, in semen, and in other tissues …   The new mediacal dictionary

  • Hyaluronidase deficiency — (also known as Mucopolysaccharidosis type IX ) is a condition caused by mutations in HYAL1, and characterized by multiple soft tissue masses.[1]:544 See also Morquio syndrome Hunter syndrome Hurler syndrome Skin lesion References …   Wikipedia

  • hyaluronidase — noun Etymology: International Scientific Vocabulary, from hyaluronic (acid) + idase (as in glucosidase) Date: 1940 a mucolytic enzyme that facilitates the spread of fluids through tissues by lowering the viscosity of hyaluronic acid …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • hyaluronidase — Enzyme that degrades hyaluronic acid; found in lysosomes …   Dictionary of molecular biology

  • hyaluronidase — /huy euh loo ron i days , dayz /, n. 1. Biochem. a mucolytic enzyme found in the testes, in snake venom, and in hemolytic streptococci and certain other bacteria, that decreases the viscosity of the intercellular matrix by breaking down… …   Universalium

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