Foureye butterflyfish

Four-eyed Butterflyfish
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Perciformes
Family:	Chaetodontidae
Genus:	Chaetodon
Subgenus:	Chaetodon
Species:	C. (C.) capistratus
Binomial name
Chaetodon (Chaetodon) capistratus Linnaeus, 1758

The Four-eyed Butterflyfish (Chaetodon capistratus) is a butterflyfish (family Chaetodontidae). It is alternatively called the Foureye Butterflyfish. This species is found in the Western Atlantic from Massachusetts, USA and Bermuda to the West Indies and northern South America.^[1]

Chaetodon capistratus is the type species of Chaetodon.^[2] If this genus is split up as some have proposed, it will retain its present name like its closest relatives, which include the Banded Butterflyfish (C. striatus) and the Spot-finned Butterflyfish (C. ocellatus).^[3]

Description and ecology

Four-eyed butterflyfish are deep-bodied and laterally compressed, with a single dorsal fin and a small mouth with tiny, bristle like teeth. The body is light grey, sometimes with a yellowish hue, and dark forward-pointing chevrons. The ventral fins are yellow. The species gets its common name from a large dark spot on the rear portion of each side of the body. This spot is surrounded by a brilliant white ring, resembling an eye. A black vertical bar on the head runs through the true eye, making it hard to see.^[1]

This pattern may result in a predator confusing the back end of the fish for the front end. The Four-eyed Butterflyfish's first instinct when threatened is to flee, putting the false eye spot closer to the predator than the head. Most predators aim for the eyes, and this false eye spot tricks the predator into believing that the fish will flee tail first. When escape is not possible, a Four-eyed Butterflyfish will sometimes turn to face its aggressor, head lowered and spines fully erect, like a bull about to charge. This may serve to intimidate the other animal or may remind the predator that the butterflyfish is much too spiny to make a comfortable meal.

Four-eyed butterflyfish usually frequent shallow inshore waters, where they feed on a variety of invertebrates, mainly zoantharians, polychaete worms, gorgonians and tunicates. This fish is known for its uncanny ability to swim in and around coral heads and reefs. They are able to find their way through the most intricate passages by swimming on its side or even upside down. Like its relatives they mate for life and therefore they will often be seen in pairs. They are one of a few fish that mate for life^[1]

Footnotes

1. ^ ^{a b c} FishBase (2008)
2. ^ CoF (2008)
3. ^ Fessler & Westneat (2007)

References

• Catalog of Fishes (CoF) (2008): Chaetodon. Version of 2008-AUG-29. Retrieved 2008-SEP-01.
• FishBase (2008): Chaetodon capistratus. Version of 2008-JUL-24. Retrieved 2008-SEP-01.
• Fessler, Jennifer L. & Westneat, Mark W. (2007): Molecular phylogenetics of the butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae): Taxonomy and biogeography of a global coral reef fish family. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 45(1): 50–68. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.05.018 (HTML abstract)