- Internal financing
In the theory of
capital structure Internal financing is the name for a firm using itsprofits as a source of capital for newinvestment , rather than a) distributing them to firm's owners or other investors and b) obtaining capital elsewhere. It is to be contrasted withexternal financing which consists of new money from outside of the firm brought in for investment. Internal financing is generally thought to be less expensive for the firm than external financing because the firm does not have to incurtransaction costs to obtain it, nor does it have to pay thetaxes associated with payingdividends . Many economists debate whether the availability of internal financing is an importantdeterminant of firm investment or not. A relatedcontroversy is whether the fact that internal financing isempirically correlated with investment implies firms are credit constrained and therefore depend on internal financing for investment. [ Hubbard, Kashap and Whited, "Internal Financing and Investment", Journal of Money, Credit & Banking, 1995] [ RE Carpenter, BC Petersen , "Is the Growth of Small Firms Constrained by Internal Finance?," Review of Economics and Statistics, 2002 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=259864 ]Financing options
There exist several options for a company to finance itself without external help:
-Amortization (deduction of asset value narrows profit before tax),
- Buildingreserves (e.g.pension reserves ),
-Retained earnings (earning are not paid to company owners),
-Asset swaps (e.g. selling property or other tangible assets owned by the company)Advantages & Disadvantages of internal financing
----Advantages----
- Capital is immediately available
- No interest payments
- No control procedures regarding creditworthiness
- Spares credit line
- No influence of third parties----Disadvantages----
- Expensive because internal financing is not tax-deductable
- No increase of capital
- Not as flexible as external financing
- Losses (shrinking of capital) are not tax-deductable
- Limited in volume (volume of external financing as well is limited but there is more capital available outside - in the markets - than inside of a company)See also
*
external financing
*capital structure External links
* [http://www.investorwords.com/2561/internal_financing.html Definition at investor words.]
References
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