Kealia Pond National Wildlife Refuge

Kealia Pond National Wildlife Refuge

Kealia Pond National Wildlife Refuge is a coastal salt marsh along the south-central coast of the Hawaiian Island of Maui. The refuge is located between the towns of Kihei and Ma'alaea, on both sides of North Kihei Road, Route 31. The wetland is also a convert|691|acre|km2|sing=on bird sanctuary, home to 30 species of waterfowl, shorebirds, and migratory ducks, including the endangered Hawaiian Stilt ("ae'o"), Hawaiian Coot ("alae ke'oke'o"), and Black-crowned Night Herons ("'auku'u").James 2001, pp. 71-72] Kealia Pond was selected as a wildlife refuge in 1953, protecting an initial convert|300|acre|km2 of land.Clark 1989, pp. 50-51] The refuge joined the National Wildlife Refuge System in 1992.

In the rainy winter season, high water levels enlarge the freshwater pond to more than convert|400|acre|km2. [Kepler 2007, p. 54.] By spring, water levels begin dropping and by summer, the pond shrinks to half its winter size, leaving a salty residue behind: this accounts for its name, "Kealia", meaning "salt encrusted place";Bendure 2005, p. 336.] Coastal salt pans once produced the mineral from sea water. The low water levels cause a 98% dieback in the tilapia population which can produce a foul stench in the area.Nakai 2002.]

Kealia was once an ancient fishpond supplied with water from the Waikapu Stream in the West Maui Mountains and Kolaloa Gulch originating from Haleakala. Native Hawaiians may have raised milkfish (awa) and mullet ('ama'ama) using a system of ditches and sluice gates to let nearby fish from Ma'alaea Beach into the pond.

Towards the west, the area between Kealia and the town of Ma'alaea contains another shallow pond and mudflats that are also used by the birds during the winter and spring flooding. When the mudflats dry out during the summer, the birds move to Kealia Pond. This area was once a runway serving one of Maui's first airports, Ma'alaea Airport. Kealia Pond was used for training the 2nd and 4th Marine Divisions during World War II.

ee also

*Kanaha Pond State Wildlife Sanctuary

Notes

References


*cite book
last = Bendure
first = Glenda
title = Hawaii
publisher = Lonely Planet
date = 2005
isbn = 1740598717
*cite conference
first = Martin B.
last = Berg
coauthors = Arsahd Ali, Richard W. Merritt
title = XV International Symposium on Chironomidae
booktitle = Control of pestiferous emergences of Chironomidae: A case study of Polypedilum nubifer
date = Aug. 12-14, 2003
location = University of Minnesota
url = http://www.entomology.umn.edu/midge/AbstractsXVChironomidaeSymp.pdf
accessdate = 2008-02-09
*cite book
last = Clark
first = John R. K.
title = The Beaches of Maui County
publisher = University of Hawaii Press
date = 1989
location =
pages = 50-51
isbn = 0824812468
*Howarth, F.G. (1998). "Preliminary assessment of the midge, "Polypedilum nubiferum" (skuse), problem at Kealia Pond National Wildlife Refuge (Diptera: Chironomidae)". [Unpublished report] submitted to Ducks Unlimited, Rancho Cordova, California.
*cite book
last = James
first = Van
title = Ancient Sites of Maui, Molokai'i and Lana'i
publisher = Mutual Publishing
date = 2001
location = Honolulu, HI
pages = 71-72
isbn = 1566475295
*Citation
last = Kepler
first = Angela Kay
title = West Maui: A Natural History Guide
place =
publisher = Mutual Publishing
year = 2007
location =
volume =
edition = 1st
isbn = 1566478235.
*Citation
first = Glynnis
last = Nakai
contribution = Kealia Pond National Wildlife Refuge, Maui, Hawaii
title = Wetland Management in the Hawaiian Islands Workshop Proceedings
year = 2002
date = 2002-10-31 - 2002-11-01
publisher = The Wildlife Society
url = http://www.tws-west.org/2002ha_wetland_proceedings.pdf.

Further reading

*cite news
last = Broadbent
first = Scott
title = More Errors and Red Tape Delay Kealia Pond Boardwalk Project
work = Local News
publisher = "Maui Weekly"
date = 2008-07-10
url = http://www.mauiweekly.com/localnews/story7172.aspx
accessdate = 2008-07-10

External links

* [http://www.fws.gov/refuges/profiles/index.cfm?id=12531 Kealia Pond National Wildlife Refuge: profile]
* [http://www.fws.gov/pacificislands/wnwr/mkealianwr.html Pacific Islands: Kealia Pond National Wildlife Refuge]


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