Geneva gown

The Geneva gown, also called a pulpit gown, pulpit robe, or preaching robe, is an ecclesiastical garment customarily worn by ordained ministers in the Christian churches that arose out of the historic Protestant Reformation.

Description

The gown, analogous to the Western doctoral robe and similar to American judicial attire, is constructed from heavy material, most appropriately of black color, and usually features double-bell sleeves with a cuff (mimicking the cassock once worn under it) and velvet facings (or panels) running over the neck and down both sides of the front enclosure length-wise.

An example of the Geneva gown can be seen here... [http://www.shadysidelantern.com/of_pomp.htm]

A minister who has earned an academic doctoral degree in any of the theological disciplines (D.D., D.Min., S.T.D., Th.D.) or in the liberal arts and sciences (Ph.D., D.A.) may adorn each sleeve with three chevrons or bars of velvet cloth, also most properly black, signifying senior scholarly credentials. The velvet panels of the gown's facings and chevrons are often adorned with red piping.

Contemporary choir robes and other expressions of lay vesture are inspired by, but remain distinct from, the Geneva gown.

Purpose

The simple yet dignified gown is meant to convey the authority and solemn duty of the ordained ministry as called by God to proclaim the Gospel of Jesus and preach the biblical Word of God, the bearer being a learned minister of the Word and teaching elder ("presbyter") over the Church faithful.

Worn over street clothes, traditionally a cassock but today more commonly a business suit with or without clerical collar, the gown eschews ostentation, obscuring individual grooming and concealing fashion preferences, and instead draws attention to the wearer's office and not the person.

Usage

By convention a minister may wear the gown only at expressly Christian services of worship wherein a sermon, that is an exposition of Scripture, is delivered.

With the gown a minister may also wear preaching bands and a liturgical stole. Less typically a minister may choose to put on white gloves when distributing the of the Lord's Supper, a practice predating the advent of stainless steel chalices and communion trays.

For historical and theological reasons the gown is most typical of Congregational, Presbyterian and Reformed churches, that is those primarily influenced by Calvinist formulations of Christian doctrine and church order, [ [http://www.pcusa.org/theologyandworship/worship/faq-basic.htm Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.): Theology and Worship - What about all the different clerical vestments?] ] and less customary but nonetheless common in the Baptist and Methodist traditions. In fact, the pulpit robe is among the usual Methodist vestment worn by elders in a service of worship, although the Alb is also very common. [ [http://www.gbod.org/worship/default_body.asp?act=reader&item_id=1768 General Board of Discipleship of The United Methodist Church: Some Frequently Asked Questions About Clergy Attire and Proper Ways of Addressing Clergy] ] The gown can also be found worn in some "low church" parishes of Lutheran and Anglican communions and in many African-American congregations regardless of denominational affiliation. Rarely, if ever, is this uniquely Protestant attire worn by Eastern Orthodox or Roman Catholic clergy.

In the Church of Scotland it is normal for the Geneva Gown to be vented sleeveless and worn over a Cassock. Cassock, usually black also comes in blue, and a red cassock signifies a Queen's Chaplain.

Trends

United or Uniting churches which contain an episcopalian element have in some countries (notably Australia; generally not in Canada) tended to abandon the Geneva gown in favor of the more symbolically ecumenical alb and cincture, whereas some non-united evangelical congregations have for various reasons done away with distinct ministerial dress altogether.

Some Jewish rabbis and spiritual leaders of other non-Christian faiths have fashioned their modern religious garb patterned after the historic Geneva gown.

References

* On [http://nat.uca.org.au/TD/worship/backgroundpapers/3vesture.htm#Calvin "The origins of the Geneva gown,"] from a working paper of the Uniting Church in Australia.
* [http://www.glaird.com/vestment.htm "The Advent of the Use of the Geneva Gown in Public Worship"] by D.G. Laird, a United Church of Canada minister.
* [http://www.hornes.org/theologia/content/jeffrey_meyers/why_does_the_pastor_wear_a_robe.htm "A Defense of the Use of the Ministerial Robe in Public Worship"] by Jeff Myers, a teaching elder of the Presbyterian Church in America.
* [http://www.redeemer-pca.org/Questions.aspx#robe "Why does the minister wear a robe?,"] Redeemer Presbyterian Church, Overland Park, Kan.
* Excerpts from a chapter on [http://www.materialreligion.org/documents/sept97doc.html "Formal ministerial costume,"] from "Ministerial Ethics and Etiquette" by Nolan B. Harmon—an advice book published in 1950 for young American clergy.