List of birds of Bermuda

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Bermuda. The avifauna of Bermuda includes a total of 375 species, a remarkable number considering that the country is a mere 53.3km2. 10 of these have been introduced by humans; the Mallard also occurs naturally as a non-breeding migrant. 207 are rare or accidental. 2 species listed are extirpated in Bermuda; Audubon's Shearwater formerly bred but is now only a vagrant while there are a few old records of Eskimo Curlew occurring on migration but none since 1930. 7 species are globally threatened.

This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families, and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of the American Ornithologists' Union checklist (7th edition and supplements). The species counts found in each family account reflect this taxonomy. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Bermuda. Species marked accidental are those listed as "rare" or "very rare" in Dobson (2002).

The following tags have been used to highlight certain relevant categories. It must be noted that not all species fall into one of these categories. Those that do not are commonly occurring, native species.

* (A) Accidental A species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Bermuda.
* (I) Introduced A species introduced to Bermuda as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions.
* (Ex) Extirpated A species that no longer occurs in Bermuda although populations exist elsewhere.

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Ducks, Geese and Swans

Order: AnseriformesFamily: Anatidae

The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These are birds that are modified for an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating. There are 131 species worldwide and 36 species which occur in Bermuda.

*West Indian Whistling-Duck "Dendrocygna arborea" (A)
*Fulvous Whistling-Duck "Dendrocygna bicolor" (A)
*Greater White-fronted Goose "Anser albifrons" (A)
*Snow Goose "Chen caerulescens" (A)
*Brant "Branta bernicla" (A)
*Canada Goose "Branta canadensis" (A)
*Mute Swan "Cygnus olor" (A)
*Tundra Swan "Cygnus columbianus" (A)
*Wood Duck "Aix sponsa"
*Gadwall "Anas strepera" (A)
*Eurasian Wigeon "Anas penelope" (A)
*American Wigeon "Anas americana"
*American Black Duck "Anas rubripes"
*Mallard "Anas platyrhynchos" (I)
*Blue-winged Teal "Anas discors"
*Northern Shoveler "Anas clypeata" (A)
*Northern Pintail "Anas acuta" (A)
*Garganey "Anas querquedula" (A)
*Green-winged Teal "Anas crecca"
*Canvasback "Aythya valisineria" (A)
*Redhead "Aythya americana" (A)
*Ring-necked Duck "Aythya collaris"
*Ferruginous Duck "Aythya nyroca" (A)
*Tufted Duck "Aythya fuligula" (A)
*Greater Scaup "Aythya marila" (A)
*Lesser Scaup "Aythya affinis"
*Surf Scoter "Melanitta perspicillata" (A)
*White-winged Scoter "Melanitta fusca" (A)
*Black Scoter "Melanitta nigra" (A)
*Long-tailed Duck "Clangula hyemalis" (A)
*Bufflehead "Bucephala albeola" (A)
*Common Goldeneye "Bucephala clangula" (A)
*Hooded Merganser "Lophodytes cucullatus"
*Common Merganser "Mergus merganser" (A)
*Red-breasted Merganser "Mergus serrator" (A)
*Ruddy Duck "Oxyura jamaicensis" (A)

Loons

Order: GaviiformesFamily: Gaviidae

Loons, known as Divers in Europe, are group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. They are the size of a large duck or small goose, which they somewhat resembles in shape when swimming, but they completely unrelated to these waterfowl. There are 5 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Pacific Loon "Gavia pacifica" (A)
*Common Loon "Gavia immer" (A)

Grebes

Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large sized freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes, and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. There are 20 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Pied-billed Grebe "Podilymbus podiceps"
*Horned Grebe "Podiceps auritus" (A)
*Red-necked Grebe "Podiceps grisegena" (A)
*Eared Grebe "Podiceps nigricollis" (A)

hearwaters and Petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized 'true petrels', characterised by united nostrils with a medium septum, and a long outer functional primary. There are 75 species worldwide and 7 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Bermuda Petrel "Pterodroma cahow"
*Black-capped Petrel "Pterodroma hasitata" (A)
*Cory's Shearwater "Calonectris diomedea"
*Greater Shearwater "Puffinus gravis"
*Sooty Shearwater "Puffinus griseus"
*Manx Shearwater "Puffinus puffinus"
*Audubon's Shearwater "Puffinus lherminieri" (Ex, A)

torm-Petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Hydrobatidae

The storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels, and are the smallest of sea-birds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. There are 21 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Wilson's Storm-Petrel "Oceanites oceanicus"
*Leach's Storm-Petrel "Oceanodroma leucorhoa"

Tropicbirds

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings. There are 3 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Bermuda.

*White-tailed Tropicbird "Phaethon lepturus"
*Red-billed Tropicbird "Phaethon aethereus" (A)

Boobies and Gannets

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups comprise medium-to-large coastal sea-birds that plunge-dive for fish. There are 9 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Masked Booby "Sula dactylatra" (A)
*Brown Booby "Sula leucogaster" (A)
*Northern Gannet "Morus bassanus" (A)

Pelicans

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under the beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes. There are 8 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Bermuda.

*American White Pelican "Pelecanus erythrorhynchos" (A)
*Brown Pelican "Pelecanus occidentalis" (A)

Cormorants

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Phalacrocoracidae

The Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium-to-large coastal, fish-eating sea-birds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black and white, and a few being colourful. There are 38 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Double-crested Cormorant "Phalacrocorax auritus"
*Great Cormorant "Phalacrocorax carbo" (A)

Frigatebirds

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large sea-birds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black and white or completely black, with long wings and deeply-forked tails. The males have inflatable coloured throat pouches. They do not swim or walk, and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan to body weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week. There are 5 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Bermuda.

*Magnificent Frigatebird "Fregata magnificens" (A)

Bitterns, Herons and Egrets

Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large sized wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Unlike other long-necked birds suck as storks, ibises and spoonbills, members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted. There are 61 species worldwide and 15 species which occur in Bermuda.

*American Bittern "Botaurus lentiginosus"
*Least Bittern "Ixobrychus exilis"
*Great Blue Heron "Ardea herodias"
*Gray Heron "Ardea cinerea" (A)
*Great Egret "Ardea alba"
*Little Egret "Egretta garzetta" (A)
*Snowy Egret "Egretta thula"
*Little Blue Heron "Egretta caerulea"
*Tricolored Heron "Egretta tricolor"
*Reddish Egret "Egretta rufescens" (A)
*Cattle Egret "Bubulcus ibis"
*Green Heron "Butorides virescens"
*Striated Heron "Butorides striata" (A)
*Black-crowned Night-Heron "Nycticorax nycticorax"
*Yellow-crowned Night-Heron "Nyctanassa violacea"

Ibises

Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Threskiornithidae

The Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers. There are 36 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Bermuda.

*White Ibis "Eudocimus albus" (A)
*Glossy Ibis "Plegadis falcinellus" (A)

Flamingos

Order: PhoenicopteriformesFamily: Phoenicopteridae

Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to convert|5|ft|m high, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. They are more numerous in the latter. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly-shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume, and are uniquely used upside-down. There are 6 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Bermuda.

*Greater Flamingo "Phoenicopterus ruber" (A)

New World vultures

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Cathartidae

The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carrion. There are 7 species worldwide, all of which are found only in the Americas, and 1 species which occurs in Bermuda.

*Turkey Vulture "Cathartes aura" (A)

Hawks, Kites and Eagles

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey and include hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. There are 234 species worldwide and 11 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Osprey "Pandion haliaetus"
*Swallow-tailed Kite "Elanoides forficatus" (A)
*Mississippi Kite "Ictinia mississippiensis" (A)
*Bald Eagle "Haliaeetus leucocephalus" (A)
*Northern Harrier "Circus cyaneus"
*Sharp-shinned Hawk "Accipiter striatus"
*Cooper's Hawk "Accipiter cooperii" (A)
*Northern Goshawk "Accipiter gentilis" (A)
*Red-tailed Hawk "Buteo jamaicensis" (A)
*Rough-legged Hawk "Buteo lagopus" (A)
*Booted Eagle "Aquila pennata" (A)

Falcons

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their feet. There are 62 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Eurasian Kestrel "Falco tinnunculus" (A)
*American Kestrel "Falco sparverius"
*Merlin "Falco columbarius"
*Gyrfalcon "Falco rusticolus" (A)
*Peregrine Falcon "Falco peregrinus"

Rails, Crakes, Gallinules, and Coots

Order: GruiformesFamily: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs, and have long toes which are well adapted to soft, uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and be weak fliers. There are 143 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Yellow Rail "Coturnicops noveboracensis" (A)
*Black Rail "Laterallus jamaicensis" (A)
*Corn Crake "Crex crex" (A)
*Clapper Rail "Rallus longirostris" (A)
*Virginia Rail "Rallus limicola" (A)
*Sora "Porzana carolina"
*Purple Gallinule "Porphyrio martinica"
*Common Moorhen "Gallinula chloropus"
*American Coot "Fulica americana"

Cranes

Order: GruiformesFamily: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances". There are 15 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Bermuda.

*Sandhill Crane "Grus canadensis" (A)

Plovers and Lapwings

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water, although there are some exceptions. There are 66 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Northern Lapwing "Vanellus vanellus" (A)
*Black-bellied Plover "Pluvialis squatarola"
*American Golden-Plover "Pluvialis dominica"
*Pacific Golden-Plover "Pluvialis fulva" (A)
*Wilson's Plover "Charadrius wilsonia" (A)
*Semipalmated Plover "Charadrius semipalmatus"
*Piping Plover "Charadrius melodus"
*Killdeer "Charadrius vociferus"
*Eurasian Dotterel "Charadrius morinellus" (A)

Avocets and Stilts

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and the stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. There are 9 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Black-necked Stilt "Himantopus mexicanus" (A)
*American Avocet "Recurvirostra americana" (A)

andpipers and allies

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Scolopacidae

The Scolopacidae are a large diverse family of small to medium sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enable different species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. There are 90 species worldwide and 38 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Spotted Sandpiper "Actitis macularia"
*Solitary Sandpiper "Tringa solitaria"
*Greater Yellowlegs "Tringa melanoleuca"
*Common Greenshank "Tringa nebularia" (A)
*Willet "Tringa semipalmata"
*Lesser Yellowlegs "Tringa flavipes"
*Wood Sandpiper "Tringa glareola" (A)
*Upland Sandpiper "Bartramia longicauda"
*Eskimo Curlew "Numenius borealis" (Ex)
*Whimbrel "Numenius phaeopus"
*Eurasian Curlew "Numenius arquata" (A)
*Hudsonian Godwit "Limosa haemastica" (A)
*Bar-tailed Godwit "Limosa lapponica" (A)
*Ruddy Turnstone "Arenaria interpres"
*Red Knot "Calidris canutus"
*Sanderling "Calidris alba"
*Semipalmated Sandpiper "Calidris pusilla"
*Western Sandpiper "Calidris mauri"
*Red-necked Stint "Calidris ruficollis" (A)
*Little Stint "Calidris minuta" (A)
*Least Sandpiper "Calidris minutilla"
*White-rumped Sandpiper "Calidris fuscicollis"
*Baird's Sandpiper "Calidris bairdii" (A)
*Pectoral Sandpiper "Calidris melanotos"
*Sharp-tailed Sandpiper "Calidris acuminata" (A)
*Dunlin "Calidris alpina"
*Curlew Sandpiper "Calidris ferruginea" (A)
*Stilt Sandpiper "Calidris himantopus"
*Buff-breasted Sandpiper "Tryngites subruficollis"
*Ruff "Philomachus pugnax" (A)
*Short-billed Dowitcher "Limnodromus griseus"
*Long-billed Dowitcher "Limnodromus scolopaceus"
*Wilson's Snipe "Gallinago delicata"
*Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago (A)
*American Woodcock "Scolopax minor" (A)
*Wilson's Phalarope "Phalaropus tricolor"
*Red-necked Phalarope "Phalaropus lobatus" (A)
*Red Phalarope "Phalaropus fulicarius" (A)

Gulls, Terns and Skimmers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns and skimmers. They are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have webbed feet. Gulls have stout bills while terns have long dagger-like bils. There are 102 species worldwide and 30 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Laughing Gull "Larus atricilla"
*Franklin's Gull "Larus pipixcan" (A)
*Little Gull "Larus minutus" (A)
*Black-headed Gull "Larus ridibundus"
*Bonaparte's Gull "Larus philadelphia"
*Ring-billed Gull "Larus delawarensis"
*California Gull "Larus californicus" (A)
*Herring Gull "Larus argentatus"
*Iceland Gull "Larus glaucoides" (A)
*Lesser Black-backed Gull "Larus fuscus"
*Glaucous Gull "Larus hyperboreus" (A)
*Great Black-backed Gull "Larus marinus"
*Sabine's Gull "Xema sabini" (A)
*Black-legged Kittiwake "Rissa tridactyla" (A)
*Brown Noddy "Anous stolidus" (A)
*White Tern "Gygis alba" (A)
*Sooty Tern "Onychoprion fuscatus" (A)
*Bridled Tern "Onychoprion anaethetus" (A)
*Least Tern "Sternula antillarum"
*Large-billed Tern "Phaetusa simplex" (A)
*Gull-billed Tern "Gelochelidon nilotica" (A)
*Caspian Tern "Hydroprogne caspia" (A)
*Black Tern "Chlidonias niger"
*Roseate Tern "Sterna dougallii" (A)
*Common Tern "Sterna hirundo"
*Arctic Tern "Sterna paradisaea"
*Forster's Tern "Sterna forsteri" (A)
*Royal Tern "Thalasseus maximus"
*Sandwich Tern "Thalasseus sandvicensis" (A)
*Black Skimmer "Rynchops niger" (A)

kuas and Jaegers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants. There are 7 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Great Skua "Stercorarius skua" (A)
*South Polar Skua "Stercorarius maccormicki" (A)
*Pomarine Jaeger "Stercorarius pomarinus"
*Parasitic Jaeger "Stercorarius parasiticus"
*Long-tailed Jaeger "Stercorarius longicaudus"

Auks and Puffins

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Alcidae

Alcids are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colours, their upright posture and some of their habits, however they are not related to the penguins bnd differ in being able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest. There are 24 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Dovekie "Alle alle" (A)
*Atlantic Puffin "Fratercula arctica" (A)

Pigeons and Doves

Order: ColumbiformesFamily: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere. There are 308 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Rock Pigeon "Columba livia" (I)
*White-winged Dove "Zenaida asiatica" (A)
*Mourning Dove "Zenaida macroura"
*Common Ground-Dove "Columbina passerina"

Cuckoos

Order: CuculiformesFamily: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. Unlike the cuckoo species of the Old World, North American cuckoos are not brood parasites. There are 138 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Yellow-billed Cuckoo "Coccyzus americanus"
*Black-billed Cuckoo "Coccyzus erythropthalmus"

Barn owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Tytonidae

Barn owls are medium to large sized owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. There are 16 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Bermuda.

*Barn Owl "Tyto alba"

Typical owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae

Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk. There are 195 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Snowy Owl "Bubo scandiacus" (A)
*Barred Owl "Strix varia" (A)
*Long-eared Owl "Asio otus" (A)
*Short-eared Owl "Asio flammeus" (A)
*Northern Saw-whet Owl "Aegolius acadicus" (A)

Nightjars

Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds with long wings, short legs and very short bills that usually nest on the ground. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves. There are 86 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Lesser Nighthawk "Chordeiles acutipennis" (A)
*Common Nighthawk "Chordeiles minor"
*Antillean Nighthawk "Chordeiles gundlachii" (A)
*Whip-poor-will "Caprimulgus vociferus" (A)

wifts

Order: ApodiformesFamily: Apodidae

Swifts are small aerial birds, spending the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings that resemble a crescent or a boomerang. There are 98 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Black Swift "Cypseloides niger" (A)
*Chimney Swift "Chaetura pelagica"
*Common Swift "Apus apus" (A)

Hummingbirds

Order: TrochiliformesFamily: Trochilidae

Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards. There are 337 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Bermuda.

*Ruby-throated Hummingbird "Archilochus colubris" (A)

Kingfishers

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails. There are 93 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Bermuda.

*Belted Kingfisher "Ceryle alcyon"

Woodpeckers and allies

Order: PiciformesFamily: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium sized birds with chisel like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward, and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. There are 218 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Red-headed Woodpecker "Melanerpes erythrocephalus" (A)
*Yellow-bellied Sapsucker "Sphyrapicus varius"
*Downy Woodpecker "Picoides pubescens" (A)
*Northern Flicker "Colaptes auratus" (A)

Tyrant flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tyrannidae

Tyrant flycatchers are passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust with stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain colouring. As the name implies, most are insectivorous. There are 429 species worldwide, all found only in the Americas and 18 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Olive-sided Flycatcher "Contopus cooperi" (A)
*Eastern Wood-Pewee "Contopus virens"
*Yellow-bellied Flycatcher "Empidonax flaviventris" (A)
*Acadian Flycatcher "Empidonax virescens" (A)
*Alder Flycatcher "Empidonax alnorum" (A)
*Willow Flycatcher "Empidonax traillii" (A)
*Least Flycatcher "Empidonax minimus" (A)
*Eastern Phoebe "Sayornis phoebe" (A)
*Say's Phoebe "Sayornis saya" (A)
*Ash-throated Flycatcher "Myiarchus cinerascens" (A)
*Great Crested Flycatcher "Myiarchus crinitus" (A)
*Great Kiskadee "Pitangus sulphuratus" (I)
*Tropical Kingbird "Tyrannus melancholicus" (A)
*Western Kingbird "Tyrannus verticalis" (A)
*Eastern Kingbird "Tyrannus tyrannus"
*Gray Kingbird "Tyrannus dominicensis" (A)
*Scissor-tailed Flycatcher "Tyrannus forficatus" (A)
*Fork-tailed Flycatcher "Tyrannus savana" (A)

hrikes

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey. There are 31 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Loggerhead Shrike "Lanius ludovicianus" (A)
*Northern Shrike "Lanius excubitor" (A)

Vireos

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Vireonidae

The vireos are a group of small to medium sized passerine birds restricted to the New World. They are typically greenish in colour and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills. There are 52 species worldwide and 7 species which occur in Bermuda.

*White-eyed Vireo "Vireo griseus"
*Yellow-throated Vireo "Vireo flavifrons"
*Blue-headed Vireo "Vireo solitarius" (A)
*Warbling Vireo "Vireo gilvus"
*Philadelphia Vireo "Vireo philadelphicus"
*Red-eyed Vireo "Vireo olivaceus"
*Black-whiskered Vireo "Vireo altiloquus" (A)

Crows and Jays

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Corvidae

The Corvidae family includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size for the bird order Passeriformes. Some of the larger species show high levels of learning behavior. There are 120 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Blue Jay "Cyanocitta cristata" (A)
*American Crow "Corvus brachyrhynchos" (I)

Larks

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds. There are 91 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Sky Lark "Alauda arvensis"
*Horned Lark "Eremophila alpestris" (A)

wallows and Martins

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae

The Hirundinidae family is a group of passerines characterized by their adaptation to aerial feeding. Their adaptations include a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and short bills with wide gape. The feet are designed for perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. There are 75 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Purple Martin "Progne subis"
*Caribbean Martin "Progne dominicensis" (A)
*Tree Swallow "Tachycineta bicolor"
*Northern Rough-winged Swallow "Stelgidopteryx serripennis" (A)
*Bank Swallow "Riparia riparia"
*Cliff Swallow "Petrochelidon pyrrhonota"
*Cave Swallow "Petrochelidon fulva" (A)
*Barn Swallow "Hirundo rustica"
*Common House-Martin "Delichon urbicum" (A)

Nuthatches

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sittidae

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet. There are 24 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Red-breasted Nuthatch "Sitta canadensis" (A)
*White-breasted Nuthatch "Sitta carolinensis" (A)

Treecreepers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Certhiidae

Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees. There are 6 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Bermuda.

*Brown Creeper "Certhia americana" (A)

Wrens

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Troglodytidae

The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and a thin down-turned bill. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous. There are 80 species worldwide (of which all but one are New World species) and 3 species which occur in Bermuda.

*House Wren "Troglodytes aedon" (A)
*Winter Wren "Troglodytes troglodytes" (A)
*Marsh Wren "Cistothorus palustris" (A)

Kinglets

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Regulidae

The kinglets or crests are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the titmice. There are 7 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Golden-crowned Kinglet "Regulus satrapa" (A)
*Ruby-crowned Kinglet "Regulus calendula"

Old World flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Muscicapidae

Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is very varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls. There are 120 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Bermuda.

*Dark-sided Flycatcher "Muscicapa sibirica" (A)

Thrushes and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. There are 335 species worldwide and 10 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Northern Wheatear "Oenanthe oenanthe" (A)
*Eastern Bluebird "Sialia sialis"
*Veery "Catharus fuscescens" (A)
*Gray-cheeked Thrush "Catharus minimus"
*Bicknell's Thrush "Catharus bicknelli" (A)
*Swainson's Thrush "Catharus ustulatus"
*Hermit Thrush "Catharus guttatus"
*Wood Thrush "Hylocichla mustelina" (A)
*American Robin "Turdus migratorius"
*Varied Thrush "Ixoreus naevius" (A)

Mockingbirds and Thrashers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Mimidae

The mimids are a family of passerine birds that includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalizations, especially their ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. Their colouring tends towards dull greys and browns . There are 35 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Gray Catbird "Dumetella carolinensis"
*Northern Mockingbird "Mimus polyglottos" (A)
*Brown Thrasher "Toxostoma rufum" (A)

tarlings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct, and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen. There are 125 species worldwide and1 species which occurs in Bermuda.

*European Starling "Sturnus vulgaris" (I)

Wagtails and Pipits

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Motacillidae

The Motacillidae are a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country. There are 54 species worldwide and1 species which occurs in Bermuda.

*American Pipit "Anthus rubescens"

Waxwings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Bombycillidae

The waxwings are a group of passerine birds characterized by soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and Cedar Waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax, and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter. There are 3 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Bohemian Waxwing "Bombycilla garrulus" (A)
*Cedar Waxwing "Bombycilla cedrorum"

New World warblers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Parulidae

The New World warblers are a group of small, often colourful, passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores. There are 119 species worldwide and 39 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Blue-winged Warbler "Vermivora pinus"
*Golden-winged Warbler "Vermivora chrysoptera"
*Tennessee Warbler "Vermivora peregrina"
*Orange-crowned Warbler "Vermivora celata"
*Nashville Warbler "Vermivora ruficapilla"
*Northern Parula "Parula americana"
*Yellow Warbler "Dendroica petechia"
*Chestnut-sided Warbler "Dendroica pensylvanica"
*Magnolia Warbler "Dendroica magnolia"
*Cape May Warbler "Dendroica tigrina"
*Black-throated Blue Warbler "Dendroica caerulescens"
*Yellow-rumped Warbler "Dendroica coronata"
*Black-throated Green Warbler "Dendroica virens"
*Townsend's Warbler "Dendroica townsendi" (A)
*Blackburnian Warbler "Dendroica fusca"
*Yellow-throated Warbler "Dendroica dominica"
*Pine Warbler "Dendroica pinus"
*Kirtland’s Warbler "Dendroica kirtlandii" (A)
*Prairie Warbler "Dendroica discolor"
*Palm Warbler "Dendroica palmarum"
*Bay-breasted Warbler "Dendroica castanea"
*Blackpoll Warbler "Dendroica striata"
*Cerulean Warbler "Dendroica cerulea" (A)
*Black-and-white Warbler "Mniotilta varia"
*American Redstart "Setophaga ruticilla"
*Prothonotary Warbler "Protonotaria citrea"
*Worm-eating Warbler "Helmitheros vermivorus"
*Swainson's Warbler "Limnothlypis swainsonii" (A)
*Ovenbird "Seiurus aurocapilla"
*Northern Waterthrush "Seiurus noveboracensis"
*Louisiana Waterthrush "Seiurus motacilla"
*Kentucky Warbler "Oporornis formosus"
*Connecticut Warbler "Oporornis agilis"
*Mourning Warbler "Oporornis philadelphia"
*Common Yellowthroat "Geothlypis trichas"
*Hooded Warbler "Wilsonia citrina"
*Wilson's Warbler "Wilsonia pusilla"
*Canada Warbler "Wilsonia canadensis"
*Yellow-breasted Chat "Icteria virens"

Tanagers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Thraupidae

The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly coloured. They are seed eaters, but their preference tends towards fruit and nectar. Most have short, rounded wings. There are 256 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Scarlet Tanager "Piranga olivacea"
*Summer Tanager "Piranga rubra"

Buntings, Sparrows and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Emberizidae

The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with a distinctively shaped bill. In Europe, most species are named as buntings. In North America, most of the species in this family are known as Sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns. There are species 275 worldwide and 18 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Chipping Sparrow "Spizella passerina"
*Clay-colored Sparrow "Spizella pallida" (A)
*Field Sparrow "Spizella pusilla" (A)
*Vesper Sparrow "Pooecetes gramineus" (A)
*Lark Sparrow "Chondestes grammacus" (A)
*Savannah Sparrow "Passerculus sandwichensis"
*Grasshopper Sparrow "Ammodramus savannarum" (A)
*Le Conte's Sparrow "Ammodramus lecontii" (A)
*Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow "Ammodramus caudacutus" (A)
*Fox Sparrow "Passerella iliaca" (A)
*Song Sparrow "Melospiza melodia" (A)
*Lincoln's Sparrow "Melospiza lincolnii"
*Swamp Sparrow "Melospiza georgiana" (A)
*White-throated Sparrow "Zonotrichia albicollis"
*White-crowned Sparrow "Zonotrichia leucophrys"
*Dark-eyed Junco "Junco hyemalis"
*Lapland Longspur "Calcarius lapponicus" (A)
*Snow Bunting "Plectrophenax nivalis"

Cardinals and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cardinalidae

The cardinals are a family of passerine birds that are robust, seed-eating birds, with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages. There are 43 species worldwide and 6 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Northern Cardinal "Cardinalis cardinalis" (I)
*Rose-breasted Grosbeak "Pheucticus ludovicianus"
*Blue Grosbeak "Passerina caerulea"
*Indigo Bunting "Passerina cyanea"
*Painted Bunting "Passerina ciris" (A)
*Dickcissel "Spiza americana"

Troupials and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Icteridae

The icterids are a group of small to medium, often colourful, passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as the predominant plumage colour, often enlivened by yellow, orange or red. There are 98 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Bobolink "Dolichonyx oryzivorus"
*Red-winged Blackbird "Agelaius phoeniceus" (A)
*Eastern Meadowlark "Sturnella magna" (A)
*Yellow-headed Blackbird "Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus" (A)
*Rusty Blackbird "Euphagus carolinus" (A)
*Common Grackle "Quiscalus quiscula" (A)
*Brown-headed Cowbird "Molothrus ater" (A)
*Orchard Oriole "Icterus spurius" (A)
*Baltimore Oriole "Icterus galbula"

Finches

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have 12 tail feathers and 9 primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. There are 137 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Pine Grosbeak "Pinicola enucleator" (A)
*Purple Finch "Carpodacus purpureus" (A)
*Red Crossbill "Loxia curvirostra" (A)
*White-winged Crossbill "Loxia leucoptera" (A)
*Common Redpoll "Carduelis flammea" (A)
*Pine Siskin "Carduelis pinus" (A)
*American Goldfinch "Carduelis tristis" (A)
*European Goldfinch "Carduelis carduelis" (I)
*Evening Grosbeak "Coccothraustes vespertinus" (A)

Old World sparrows

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passeridae

Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed-eaters, and they also consume small insects. There are 35 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Bermuda.

*House Sparrow "Passer domesticus" (I)

Waxbills and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed-eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have a wide variation in plumage colours and pattern. There are 141 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Bermuda.

*Orange-cheeked Waxbill "Estrilda melpoda" (I)
*Common Waxbill "Estrilda astrild" (I)

ee also

*Flora and fauna of Bermuda
*List of birds
*Lists of birds by region

References

*cite web
last = American Ornithologist's Union
url = http://www.aou.org/checklist/index.php3#anat
title = The A.O.U. Check-list of North American Birds, Seventh Edition
accessdate = 20 August
accessyear = 2007
*cite book
title=A guide to the Birds of Bermuda
first= Eric J. R.
last = Amos
date = 1991
*cite book
title=Birds of the World: a Checklist
first= James F.
last = Clements
publisher = Cornell University Press
date = 2000
id = ISBN 0934797161
pages = 880
*cite book
title=A Birdwatching Guide to Bermuda
first= Andrew
last = Dobson
publisher = Arlequin Press, Chelmsford, Essex
date = 2002
*cite web
last = Dobson
first = Andrew
year = 2007
url = http://www.audubon.bm/
title = Bermuda Audubon Society
accessdate = 20 August
accessyear = 2007
*cite web
last = Lepage
first = Denis
authorlink =
coauthors =
year =
url = http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp?region=bm&pg=checklist&list=clements
title = Checklist of birds of Bermuda
format =
work = Bird Checklists of the World
publisher = Avibase
accessdate = 26 April
accessyear = 2007
*cite book
title=A Field Guide to the Birds of Bermuda
first= André
last = Raine
publisher = Macmillan, Oxford
date = 2002