List of birds of Saint Helena

This is a list of the bird species recorded on Saint Helena. The avifauna of Saint Helena Island includes a total of 68 species. Only one endemic species survives today, the St. Helena Plover. Several more endemics are extinct and known only from subfossil remains: the Large St. Helena Petrel, Small St. Helena Petrel, St. Helena Shearwater, St. Helena Crake, St. Helena Swamphen, St. Helena Dove, St. Helena Cuckoo and Giant Hoopoe. At least 5 non-endemics have been extirpated from St. Helena but still occur elsewhere. 9 species have been introduced by humans and formed established breeding populations while many more species were introduced in the past but failed to become established. 43 species are rare or accidental visitors.

This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families, and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of Clements's 6th edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflects this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Saint Helena.

The following tags have been used to highlight certain relevant categories. It must be noted that not all species fall into one of these categories. Those that do not are commonly occurring, native species.

* (A) Accidental A species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Saint Helena.
* (E) Endemic A species endemic to Saint Helena.
* (I) Introduced A species introduced to Saint Helena as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions.
* (Ex) Extirpated A species that no longer breeds in Saint Helena although populations exist elsewhere.

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Albatrosses

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Diomedeidae

The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus "Diomedea" have the largest wingspans of any extant birds. There are at least 13 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Saint Helena.

*Wandering Albatross "Diomedea exulans" (A)
*Black-browed Albatross "Thalassarche melanophris" (A)
*Yellow-nosed Albatross "Thalassarche chlororhynchos" (A)
*Sooty Albatross "Phoebetria fusca" (A)

hearwaters and petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized 'true petrels', characterised by united nostrils with a medium septum, and a long outer functional primary. There are about 77 species worldwide and 11 species which occur in Saint Helena.

*Antarctic Giant Petrel "Macronectes giganteus" (A)
*Southern Fulmar "Fulmarus glacialoides" (A)
*Cape Petrel "Daption capense" (A)
*Murphy's Petrel "Pterodroma ultima" (A)
*Soft-plumaged Petrel "Pterodroma mollis" (A)
*Broad-billed Prion "Pachyptila vittata" (A)
*Bulwer's Petrel "Bulweria bulwerii"
*White-chinned Petrel "Procellaria aequinoctialis" (A)
*Cory's Shearwater "Calonectris diomedea" (A)
*Sooty Shearwater "Puffinus griseus" (A)
*Audubon's Shearwater "Puffinus lherminieri" (Ex, A)

torm-petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Hydrobatidae

The storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels, and are the smallest of sea-birds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. There are about 20 species worldwide and 6 species which occur in Saint Helena.

*Wilson's Storm-Petrel "Oceanites oceanicus" (A)
*White-faced Storm-Petrel "Pelagodroma marina" (Ex, A)
*Black-bellied Storm-Petrel "Fregetta tropica" (A)
*White-bellied Storm-Petrel "Fregetta grallaria" (A)
*Band-rumped Storm-Petrel "Oceanodroma castro"
*Leach's Storm-Petrel "Oceanodroma leucorhoa" (A)

Tropicbirds

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings. There are 3 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Saint Helena.

*Red-billed Tropicbird "Phaethon aethereus"

Boobies and gannets

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups comprise medium-to-large coastal sea-birds that plunge-dive for fish. There are about 10 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Saint Helena.

*Masked Booby "Sula dactylatra"
*Red-footed Booby "Sula sula" (Ex, A)
*Brown Booby "Sula leucogaster"

Frigatebirds

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large sea-birds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black and white or completely black, with long wings and deeply-forked tails. The males have inflatable coloured throat pouches. They do not swim or walk, and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan to body weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week. There are 5 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Saint Helena.

*Great Frigatebird "Fregata minor" (Ex)
*Lesser Frigatebird "Fregata ariel" (Ex)

Herons and egrets

Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large sized wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Unlike other long-necked birds suck as storks, ibises and spoonbills, members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted. There are about 63 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Saint Helena.

*Gray Heron "Ardea cinerea" (A)
*Cattle Egret "Bubulcus ibis"
*Black-crowned Night-Heron "Nycticorax nycticorax" (A)

torks

Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute; bill-clattering is an important mode of stork communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory. There are about 19 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Saint Helena.

*White Stork "Ciconia ciconia" (A)

Falcons

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their feet. There are about 64 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Saint Helena.

*Amur Falcon "Falco amurensis" (A)

Pheasants and partridges

Order: GalliformesFamily: Phasianidae

The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowls, tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls and jungle fowls. In general, they are plump (although they may vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings. There are about 155 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Saint Helena.

*Chukar "Alectoris chukar" (I)
*Ring-necked Pheasant "Phasianus colchicus" (I)

Rails, crakes and gallinules

Order: GruiformesFamily: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs, and have long toes which are well adapted to soft, uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and be weak fliers. There are about 135 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Saint Helena.

*Purple Swamphen "Porphyrio porphyrio" (A)
*Allen's Gallinule "Porphyrio alleni" (A)
*Purple Gallinule "Porphyrio martinica" (A)
*Common Moorhen "Gallinula chloropus"

Plovers and lapwings

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water, although there are some exceptions. There are about 66 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Saint Helena.

*Blacksmith Plover "Vanellus armatus" (A)
*American Golden-Plover "Pluvialis dominica" (A)
*Black-bellied Plover "Pluvialis squatarola" (A)
*St. Helena Plover (known locally as the Wirebird) "Charadrius sanctaehelenae" (E)

andpipers and allies

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Scolopacidae

The Scolopacidae are a large diverse family of small to medium sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enable different species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. There are about 89 species worldwide and 7 species which occur in Saint Helena.

*Green Sandpiper "Tringa ochropus" (A)
*Ruddy Turnstone "Arenaria interpres" (A)
*Red Knot " Calidris canutus" (A)
*Sanderling "Calidris alba" (A)
*White-rumped Sandpiper "Calidris fuscicollis" (A)
*Pectoral Sandpiper "Calidris melanotos" (A)
*Ruff "Philomachus pugnax" (A)

heathbills

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Chionididae

The sheathbills are scavengers of the Antarctic regions. They have white plumage, and look plump and dove-like, but are believed to be similar to the ancestors of the modern gulls and terns. There are 2 species and 1 species which occurs in Saint Helena.

*Snowy Sheathbill "Chionis alba" (A)

kuas and jaegers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants. There are about 7 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Saint Helena.

*Brown Skua "Stercorarius antarctica" (A)
*Pomarine Jaeger "Stercorarius pomarinus"
*Parasitic Jaeger "Stercorarius parasiticus"
*Long-tailed Jaeger "Stercorarius longicaudus" (A)

Terns

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Sternidae

Terns are a group of generally general medium to large sea-birds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species now known to live in excess of 25 to 30 years. There are about 44 species worldwide and 6 species which occur in Saint Helena.

*Brown Noddy "Anous stolidus"
*Black Noddy "Anous minutus"
*White Tern "Gygis alba"
*Sooty Tern "Onychoprion fuscatus"
*Antarctic Tern "Sterna vittata" (A)
*Arctic Tern "Sterna paradisaea" (A)

Pigeons and doves

Order: ColumbiformesFamily: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere. There are about 308 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Saint Helena.

*Rock Pigeon "Columba livia" (I)
*Zebra Dove "Geopelia striata" (I)

wallows and martins

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae

The Hirundinidae family is a group of passerines characterized by their adaptation to aerial feeding. Their adaptations include a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and short bills with wide gape. The feet are designed for perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. There are about 83 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Saint Helena.

*Barn Swallow "Hirundo rustica" (A)

tarlings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct, and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen. There are about 114 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Saint Helena.

*Common Myna "Acridotheres tristis" (I)

Weavers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Ploceidae

The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season. There are about 116 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Saint Helena.

*Red Fody "Foudia madagascariensis" (I)

Waxbills and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed-eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have a wide variation in plumage colours and pattern. There are about 141 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Saint Helena.

*Common Waxbill "Estrilda astrild" (I)
*Java Sparrow "Padda oryzivora" (I)

Finches

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have 12 tail feathers and 9 primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. There are about 176 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Saint Helena.

*Yellow Canary "Serinus flaviventris" (I)

ee also

*List of birds of Ascension Island
*List of birds of Tristan da Cunha
*List of birds
*Lists of birds by region

References

*cite web | author = African Bird Club | date = 2008 | url = http://www.africanbirdclub.org/countries/SaintHelena/introduction.html | title = Saint Helena | accessdate = 1 October | accessyear = 2008
*cite book | title= The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World | first= James F. | last = Clements | publisher = Cornell University Press | date = 2007 | id = ISBN 9780801445019
*cite book | title= A guide to the birds of St Helena and Ascension Island | first= Neil | last = McCulloch | publisher = RSPB | date = 2004 | id = ISBN 9781901930467