Timeline of the 2007 pet food recalls

This Timeline of the 2007 Pet Food Recalls documents how events related to the 2007 pet food recalls unfolded. Several contaminated Chinese vegetable proteins were used by pet food makers in North America, Europe and South Africa, leading to renal failure in animals fed the contaminated food. Both the centralization of the pet food industry and the speed and manner of the industry and government response became the subjects of critical discussion.

Contaminated goods are imported

eptember 27, 2006

Tainted wheat gluten in bags from Xuzhou Anying Biologic Technology Development Company in China is imported to the United States by Las Vegas-based ChemNutra, Inc. from a Chinese textile company.

November 2006

Canada-based company Menu Foods begins to use the tainted wheat gluten at its plants in the U.S. states of Kansas and New Jersey.

Early reports of pet deaths

December 2006

Unconfirmed reports indicate that Menu Foods receives word of a possible problem with some of its products as early as December 2006.cite news |first=Katy |last=Byron |title=Officials say 38 Oregon pet deaths could be tied to recall |url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/04/04/pet.deaths/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=April 5 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-11]

February 20, 2007

Menu Foods acknowledges receiving the first complaints of sick pets on February 20.

February 26, 2007

The Chief Financial Officer of Menu Foods, Mark Wiens, sells roughly half of his Menu Foods stock on February 26 and 27. He has referred to the timing as a "horrible coincidence."cite news |first=Lisa|last=Wade McCormick |title=Menu Foods Executive Sold Shares Weeks Before Pet Food Recall |url=http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2007/04/pet_food_recall21.html |publisher=Consumer Affairs |date=April 11 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-11]

February 27, 2007

Menu Foods begins internal taste testing of its food.cite news |first=Alexandria |last=Sage |title=Pet deaths expected to rise despite recall: FDA |url=http://ca.today.reuters.com/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=domesticNews&storyID=2007-03-19T225231Z_01_N19293241_RTRIDST_0_CANADA-PETFOOD-RECALL-COL.XML&archived=False |publisher=Reuters, Canada |date=March 19, 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-11] The company conducts taste testing of its products quarterly, and the February testing was not a result of the received complaints.

March 2, 2007

The company begins to investigate a possible problem when as many as 1 in 6 pets began to die after consuming products containing wheat gluten.cite news |first= |last=CBC News |title= Tainted pet food poisoned 1 in 6 animals in test: FDA|url=http://www.cbc.ca/canada/toronto/story/2007/03/20/pet-food-070320.html |publisher= [http://www.cbc.ca cbc.ca] |date=March 20 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-11]

Mid-march, 2007

Cornell University and a New York state-based testing facility receive samples from Menu Foods for testing.cite news |first=Nikhil |last=Swaminathan |title=Special Report: The Poisoning of Our Pets - Scientists and government agencies home in on the cause of more than 100 pet deaths from tainted food |url=http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa004&articleID=9AA80BDC-E7F2-99DF-325B0C8F34C09E95
publisher=Scientific American |date=March 28 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-11] cite news |first=Mark Johnson, Associated Press |title=Lab Gets New Attention in Pet Food Case |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/01/AR2007040100720.html |publisher= Washington Post |date=April 1 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-11]

The initial recall

March 16, 2007

On March 16, Menu Foods issues a nation-wide recall in the United States of many different brands of dog and cat foods produced at two of its facilities between December 3 2006 and March 6 2007.cite web |url=http://www.fda.gov/oc/opacom/hottopics/petfood.html |title= FDA Pet Food Recall page |accessdate=2007-04-11] cite web |url=http://www.menufoods.com/recall/Press_Recall_03162007.htm |title= Menu Foods' initial recall press release |accessdate=2007-04-11] The initial recall comprises sixty million units of cuts and gravy style food in pouches sold under nearly 100 brand names, including premium brands such as Iams and private label brands sold at nationwide chains such as Wal-Mart, Kroger, and other large food retailers.cite news |first= |last=Associated Press |title= Owners watching pets closely after food recall - At least 16 pet deaths tied to tainted food; vets flooded with worried calls
url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17650075/ |publisher=MSNBC |date=March 21 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-11] The recall of these products alone represent more than 1% of all pet foods in the U.S.cite news |first=Kevin |last=Bell |title=Menu Foods Fund Plunges After Recall of Dog, Cat Food (Update6) |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601082&sid=aKc95WcV_aOA&refer=canada |publisher=Bloomberg News |date=March 19 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-11] Although it is a small percentage of the total available pet foods, the recall is one of the largest product recalls in American history.cite news |first=Mary Ann Fergus |last=Mary Owen |title= Dog biscuits added to pet-food recall - Durbin seeks stricter oversight of industry |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-0704050906apr06,1,7426218.story?coll=chi-news-hed |publisher=Chicago Tribune |date=April 6 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-11]

March 21, 2007

Menu Foods confirms the problem was with the wheat gluten used to thicken and enrich the gravy in the canned and pouched wet food products, and that the medical problems exhibited in test subjects include renal failure. At the time it is unknown why the renal failure occurs.cite news |first=Katie |last=Zezima |title=Toll From Tainted Pet Food Is 14; F.D.A. Is Focusing on New Gluten |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/21/us/21petfood.html?ex=1176264000&en=03dc84481ce1d6d5&ei=5070 |publisher=New York Times |date=March 21 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-11]

Late March, 2007

Following the first word of a recall, reports of pet sicknesses and deaths began to come in from throughout the United States and Canada. Although Menu Foods products are also sold in Mexico, little information is published regarding the situation in that country.

Some independent sources, such as petconnection.com, begin collecting several hundred reports of animal deaths per day.cite web |url=http://www.petconnection.com/recall/index.php |title=Pet Connection Food Recall Index |accessdate=2007-04-11]

"Rat poison" alleged to be contaminant

March 23, 2007

The New York State Food Laboratory reported that aminopterin was found in samples sent to them by Cornell. Aminopterin is widely described in news reports as a "rat poison" though that assertion may be based upon a hypothetical use listed in the 1951 patent application and not upon the actual use of the chemical.cite web
url=http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=109&STORY=/www/story/03-30-2007/0004557052&EDATE=
title= No Aminopterin in Tissues of Animals Killed by Recalled Pet Food
date= March 30 2007
publisher= PRNewsWire
accessdate=2007-04-14]

The recall expands

March 24, 2007

Menu Foods expands the recall to include dozens of more cat and dog food products, including all varieties of 'cuts and gravy' type wet pet food in cans and pouches, not just specific UPCs, as before, in order to ensure pet stores removed any chance of contaminated batches reaching consumers.cite web |url=http://menufoods.com/recall/PRESS%20RELEASE03241409.htm |title=Press Release: Menu Foods Initiates Market Withdrawal of All Varieties of Recalled Wet Pet Food to Ensure Consumer Protection |accessdate=2007-04-11]

Wheat gluten contaminated with melamine

March 27, 2007

The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals first reports that symptoms described in affected animals are not "fully consistent with the ingestion of rat poison containing aminopterin."cite web |url=http://www.aspca.org/site/PageServer?pagename=press_032707_2 |title=ASPCA Press Release: ASPCA Advises Caution As Pet Food Recall Crisis Grows - Other Contaminants May Be Involved in the Menu Foods Recall |accessdate=2007-04-11]

March 30, 2007

The FDA announces a possible source of the sicknesses, indicated by the presence of melamine, an industrial chemical, in wheat gluten imported from China. The FDA prohibits the import of wheat gluten from a specific Chinese company, Xuzhou Anying Biologic Technology Development Company (徐州安营生物技术开发有限公司), ^{[http://www.xzay.com/english/index.asp website]} , and says that the contamination may be in dry pet foods as well.cite news |first=Elizabeth |last=Weise |title=Nestlé Purina, Hills join pet food recall
url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-03-30-pet-food-recall_N.htm |publisher=USA Today |date=March 30 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-11]

Late that Friday, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., Del Monte,cite news |first= |last=Press release |title=Del Monte Pet Products Voluntarily Withdraws Specific Product Codes of Pet Treats and Wet Dog Food Products |url=http://biz.yahoo.com/bw/070331/20070331005023.html?.v=1 |publisher=Business Wire/Yahoo.com |date=March 31 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-11] and Nestlé Purinacite news |first= |last=Press Release |title=ALPO(R) Brand Prime Cuts in Gravy Canned Dog Food Voluntary Nationwide Recall - No Dry Purina Products Involved |url=http://sev.prnewswire.com/food-beverages/20070330/CLF27831032007-1.html |publisher=PR Newswire |date=March 31 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-11] recall several brands of wet and dry pet foods.

April 3, 2007

Concerns are first voiced in the news media that the imported gluten may have been used in products intended for human consumption,cite news |first=Diedtra |last=Henderson |title=Was human food tainted too? - Suspect gluten went to plants that make products for people, FDA says |url=http://www.boston.com/business/globe/articles/2007/04/03/was_human_food_tainted_too/ |publisher=Boston Globe/Boston.com |date=April 3 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-11] however the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) assures consumers that all of the suspect gluten was used exclusively in pet foods and there is "no evidence to suggest that any of the imported Wheat Gluten from the suspect firm has entered the human food supply."

April 4, 2007

The contaminated wheat gluten is determined to have come directly from China or through the Netherlands to the U.S. through ChemNutra, a Las Vegas-based supply company for pet food manufacturers. ChemNutra orders a recall of all of the suspected wheat gluten batches.cite web |url=http://www.fda.gov/oc/po/firmrecalls/chemnutra04_07.html |title=FDA hosted Press Release: ChemNutra Announces Nationwide Wheat Gluten Recall |accessdate=2007-04-11]

The Chinese government refuses FDA requests to inspect facilities suspected of producing contaminated prodcuts.cite web
title=DURBIN, DELAURO MEET WITH VON ESCHENBACH; URGE CHINESE GOVERNMENT TO COOPERATE ON PET FOOD CONTAMINATION INVESTIGATION |url=http://www.durbin.senate.gov/record.cfm?id=272635
date=April 18 2007
accessdate=2007-04-19]

April 5, 2007

The Chinese government categorically denies any connection to the North American food poisonings to the "New York Times", claiming they had no record of exporting any agricultural products that could have tainted the recalled pet foods, including the wheat gluten that has been the focus of the investigation. The general manager of the Xuzhou Anying Biologic Technology Development Company also denied that they had exported any wheat gluten to North America.cite news |first=David |last=Barboza |title=China Says It Had Nothing to Do With Tainted Pet Foods |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/06/business/worldbusiness/06petfood.html?_r=1&oref=login
publisher=New York Times |date=April 5 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-11]

April 6, 2007

The Chinese government tells the Associated Press that they will investigate the source of the wheat gluten. The Xinhua News Agency states that "sampling and examination" of wheat gluten was underway across China, centering on the presence of melamine.cite news |first= |last=Associated Press |title=China Looking Into Tainted Wheat Gluten Claim Over U.S. Pet Deaths |url=http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/story?section=alerts_recalls&id=5191150 |publisher=ABC News |date=April 8 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-11]

Further recalls and possibly thousands of animals dead

April 9, 2007

News breaks that scientists at a University of California, Davis animal health laboratory confirmed that a "popular brand of pet food" submitted for testing by area veterinarians was contaminated with melamine, even though it is not on the list of recalled cat and dog foods.cite news |first=Jim |last=Staats |title=Marin case confirms new tainted pet food |url=http://www.marinij.com/marin/ci_5630208 |publisher=Marin Independent Journal |date=April 9 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-11]

April 10, 2007

On April 10, Menu Foods announces that the recall will be expanded to include foods manufactured at Menu Foods' plant in Streetsville, Ontario. Menu Foods officials had believed that the plant did not have the same problems as their New Jersey and Kansas plants, but tests revealed that contaminated wheat gluten had made it into Canada.cite news |first= |last=Associated Press |title= Canadian Pet Food Added to Recall List |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/sns-ap-pet-food-recall,0,3756442.story?coll=chi-news-hed |publisher=Chicago Tribune |date=April 10 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-11]

By April 10 Menu Foods had only confirmed 16 deaths outside of its test subjects, comprising 15 cats and one dog. This number is frequently cited in news reports as there is no equivalent of the Centers for Disease Control to verify the cause of other reported pet deaths. [http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/2007-04-30-chinese-imports-usat_N.htm FDA limits Chinese food additive imports] , Elizabeth Weise and Julie Schmit, April 30 2007, "USA Today", Accessed: 2007-05-01 ]

April 11, 2007

One self-reported on-line data base reaches more than 3600 deaths allegedly connected to the recall. The FDA acknowledges receiving more than 15,000 complaints from consumers related to the recall, but will not comment on the possible amount of pet sicknesses or deaths.cite web |url=http://www.fda.gov/cvm/MenuFoodRecallFAQ.htm |title= FDA Pet Food Recall Frequently Asked Questions|accessdate=2007-04-11] cite web
url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/04/06/pet.deaths/index.html
title=Senator calls FDA 'tragically slow' on pet food recall
accessdate=2007-04-06
publisher =CNN
date = April 6 2007]

The same day, a distributor of agricultural and industrial products, Wilbur-Ellis, discovers a single pink, one-ton bag labeled "melamine" among 145 other white bags of imported rice protein concentrate from Binzhou Futian Biology Technology in China. Wilbur-Ellis immediately quarantines the shipment.cite news
first=Julie
last=Schmit
title=FDA: Tainted pet food ingredient came from China
url=http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/2007-04-19-recall-usat_N.htm
publisher=USA Today
date=April 19 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-17]

By April 11 there are more than 130 brands of dog and cat foods from five companies recalled. Most of the foods are wet, though there are some dry foods and dog biscuits as part of the recall as a precautionary measure even though no cases of poisoning from dry foods have yet been reported.

enate hearings

April 12, 2007

Hearings are held by United States Senator Richard Durbin in front of the United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies. FDA officials admit that contaminated food was likely still on store shelves throughout the country, and urge consumers to re-check the food they have in their possession. cite news |first=Sarah |last=Abruzzese |title=Tainted Pet Food Is Said to Be Still on Shelves |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/13/us/13pets.html |publisher=New York Times |date=April 13, 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-13]

Also on the 12th, Menu Foods admits that a "clerical error" allowed more tainted product to be released to the public after the recall had begun. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/story/0,,-6553604,00.html April 12 Menu Foods Press Release] ]

Recalls in South Africa

Royal Canin dog food was recalled in South Africa on April 12 after 19 dogs were confirmed to be suffering "acute renal failure" related to eating recalled dog food. cite news |first = Andrea |last = Botha |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/South_Africa/News/0,9294,2-7-1442_2097608,00.html |title=SA faces pet food shock |accessdate=2007-04-15|publisher =News24 |date=April 12, 2007] That week Hill's Pet Nutrition also recalled a batch of food for diabetic cats in South Africa.

A second contaminated food source

April 15, 2007

Wilbur-Ellis notifies the FDA that it had found a bag labelled melamine mixed in with a shipment of rice protein concentrate.

April 17, 2007

On April 17 a product not containing wheat-gluten is recalled due to the presence of melamine in pet food. Natural Balance Pet Foods has found melamine in two products containing rice protein from a then-unnamed supplier (Wilbur-Ellis). Eleven dogs and "three or four" cats are reported as known to be suffering kidney problems as a result of eating the food.cite news
first=Julie
last=Schmit
title=Premium pet food company recalls dry foods
url=http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/2007-04-17-premium-pet-food-recalled_N.htm
publisher=USA Today
date=April 17 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-17]

April 18, 2007

The contaminated rice protein is publicly identified as having come from Wilbur-Ellis, who had by then distributed the contaminated protein to five different pet food manufacturers in Utah, New York, Kansas and Missouri. Since pet food recalls are voluntary, the FDA refuses to name the companies involved.cite news
first=Julie
last=Schmit
title=FDA: Tainted pet food ingredient came from China
url=http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/2007-04-19-recall-usat_N.htm
publisher=USA Today
date=April 19 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-17] cite web
title=Wilbur-Ellis Voluntarily Recalls Rice Protein Concentrate
url=http://webprod.wecon.com/WECOWeb/WECO/newsevents.htm
date=April 18 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-19]

Additional contaminants

April 19, 2007

On April 19 2007 researchers announce that they have identified three additional chemicals in the melamine-contaminated rice protein and animals that had consumed it. The chemicals include cyanuric acid, a chemical used in chlorinated pools. All three chemicals are derivatives of melamine.cite news
first=Karen
last=Roebuck
title=Humans at risk from tainted pet food?
url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/s_503671.html
publisher=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review
date=April 20 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-20] cite news |first=Nikhil |last=Swaminathan |title=Were Our Pets Deliberately Poisoned? |url=http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=2B10D1F6-E7F2-99DF-34DAAAC1622FE3CE&chanID=sa007
publisher=Scientific American |date=April 25 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-26]

The same day, Royal Canin issues recalls of eight varieties of their pet foods.cite web
url=http://www.royalcanin.us/
title=Dear Royal Canin USA Customer
accessdate=2007-04-20
date=April 19 2007]

Also on April 19, U.S. federal officials said that they were investigating reports that Binzhou Futian rice protein had been used in hog feed, but declined to specify where. The California Department of Food and Agriculture placed American Hog Farm in Ceres, California, under quarantine, after melamine was found in the urine of the hogs on the farm. California State Veterinarian Dr. Richard Breitmeyer said "All animals appear healthy," and that "It is unknown if the chemical will be detected in meat." American Hog Farm primarily supplies whole hogs to individuals. Anyone who has purchased a pig from American Hog Farm since April 3 is advised not to eat it.cite news
title=Quarantined Ceres Farm Possibly Connected To Pet Food Recall
url=http://fox40.trb.com/news/ktxl-041907pigfarm,0,6650960.story?coll=ktxl-news-1
publisher=Fox 40
date=April 19 2007
accessdate=2007-04-20]

April 20, 2007

The South African pet food industry announced that they would no longer import gluten products from China after the presence of melamine was confirmed in Chinese corn gluten. cite news |first = Nicola |last = Mawson |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704200140.html |title=South Africa: No More Chinese Take-Aways for SA Pets |accessdate=2007-04-20 |publisher=Business Day (Johannesburg) |date = April 20 2007] At least 30 dogs have died of renal failure related to contaminated food in South Africa. cite news |first=Jabuilile |last=Ngwenya |title=Cause of pets' deaths identified |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=vn20070420000555152C497934 |publisher=Independent Online (South Africa) |date=April 20 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-20]

More recalls

Also on the 20th, pet food company SmartPak issued a late night recall of two dog food products related to contaminated rice protein. SmartPak was one of the two remaining companies supplied by Wilbur-Ellis, leaving only one company refusing to recall its contaminated products.cite web
url=http://www.smartpakcanine.com/PetFoodRecalls.aspx
title=Pet Food Recalls
accessdate=2007-04-25]

April 23, 2007

China finally gave permission to FDA investigators to enter the country.cite news |first=David |last=Barboza |title=China Yields to Inquiry on Pet Food |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/24/business/worldbusiness/24pets.html
publisher=New York Times |date=April 23 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-24]

The human food supply

April 24, 2007

The FDA announces that melamine has been found in the urine of hogs in North Carolina, California and South Carolina, that farms in Utah, New York and possibly Ohio had received contaminated feed. They had not yet determined if, beyond a small amount in California, any contaminated meat had reached the human food supply. The FDA also announces that it was now testing six common food ingredients – wheat gluten, corn gluten, cornmeal, soy protein, rice bran and rice protein concentrate – as a precaution.cite news
first=Karen
last=Roebuck
title=FDA expands probe into tainted pet food
url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/dailycourier/news/s_504466.html
publisher=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review
date=April 25 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-25]

At least one plaintiff in a lawsuit against Menu Foods first receives a call from someone on behalf of Menu Foods who would not initially identify herself. She would not provide a last name, a return telephone number or information on how she got the plaintiff's number. Eventually the caller acknowledged she was from Menu Food's insurance adjustor, Crawford and Company. This call is followed a few days later by a second caller who, when told it was illegal for the plaintiffs to be contacted directly by representatives of the defendant, allegedly responded "So you don't want a settlement package?"

April 25, 2007

FDA Officials traced the melamine responsible for pet deaths to two Chinese plants, which have been supplying American distributors since last summer.cite news
title=FDA to Test Imported Additives for Melamine
first=Mark
last=Kaufman
url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/24/AR2007042402343.html
date=April 25, 2007
accessdate=2007-12-10] On that same day, Chinese authorities shut down Binzhou Futian Biology Technology Co. Ltd., and detained the manager, Tian Feng. Feng denies responsibility, saying that he "didn't do anything wrong," and denying that he even knows what melamine is.

More recalls

April 26, 2007

On April 26, the FDA announced that over 6,000 hogs have been quarantined on farms in California, New York, South Carolina, North Carolina, Utah, Kansas, Oklahoma and Ohio. Additionally, the U.S. Department of Agriculture announced that the meat of 345 hogs that had eaten contaminated feed had entered the U.S. food supply, possibly via slaughterhouses in Kansas and Utah.cite news
first=Steven |last=Reinberg
title=U.S. Quarantines 6,000 Hogs Fed Tainted Pet Food
url=http://www.healthday.com/Article.asp?AID=604101
publisher=Healthday News
date=April 26 2007
accessdate=2007-04-26]

Also on Monday, April 26, seven recalls are either expanded or issued for the first time.

The final Wilbur-Ellis-related recall is issued by Chenango Valley Pet Foods, nine days after Wilbur-Ellis had announced its rice protein was contaminated with melamine,cite web
url=http://www.drsfostersmith.com/general.cfm?N=2001&gid=568
title=Pet Food Recall Notice Updates
accessdate=2007-04-26]

That day Diamond Pet Foods also issues an expanded recall,cite web
url=http://www.chickensoupforthepetloverssoul.com/
title=Diamond Pet Foods has announced it is withdrawing a limited number of canned products manufactured by American Nutrition
accessdate=2007-04-26] Costco's Kirkland Signature brand issues a new recall,cite web
url=http://www.petconnection.com/blog/2007/04/26/pet-food-recall-costco-pulls-product/
title=Costo pulls product
accessdate=2007-04-26] and Natural Balance expands its recall for the second time.cite web
url=http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2007/NEW01610.html
title=FDA Statement: Information on Natural Balance
date=April 16 2007
accessdate=2007-04-17]

Blue Buffalo also expands its recall,cite web
url=http://www.bluebuff.com/company/news_070426.shtml
title=Blue Buffalo Recalls Can and Biscuit Products Due To Tampering By American Nutrition Inc.
accessdate=2007-04-26] Harmony Farms announces a recall,cite web
url=http://harmonypetproducts.com/index.html
title=Harmony Farms Cans And Biscuits Recalled Due To Product Tampering
accessdate=2007-04-29] and American Nutrition, Inc. (ANI) issues a voluntary recall of 28 different pet food products that they manufacture which are sold under other labels.cite web
url=http://www.americannutritioninc.com
title=American Nutrition, Inc. Issues Voluntary Recall
accessdate=2007-04-28] ANI states that pet foods that they manufacture under their own label are not affected by the current recall.cite web
url=http://www.anibrands.com/Recall.html
title=AMERICAN NUTRITION BRAND PRODUCTS ARE NOT INCLUDED IN THE RECENT NATIONWIDE PET FOOD|accessdate=2007-04-28] .

Finally, China's Foreign Ministry says that it has banned the use of melamine in food products, admitting that products containing melamine had cleared customs while continuing to dispute the role of melamine in causing pet deaths. China also vowed to cooperate with U.S. investigators to find the "real cause" of pet deaths.cite news
last=AP
title=China Bans Melamine in Food Products |url=http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/world/AP-China-Pet-Food-Recall.html
publisher=New York Times |date=April 26 2007 |accessdate=2007-04-26]

April 27, 2007

Natural Balance Inc. issues another voluntary recall, recalling three of their varieties of dog food and one variety of cat food,cite web
url=http://www.naturalbalanceinc.com/press_release4_27_07.html
title=Natural Balance Pet Foods, Inc. Recalls Products in Response to American Nutrition Inc. Pet Food Recall
accessdate=2007-04-28] and Canine Caviar issued a voluntary recall of 3 varieties of pet food.cite web
url=http://caninecaviar.com/
title=Canine Caviar Pet Food Recall Notice
accessdate=2007-04-29]

The April 26 and April 27 recalls by Blue Buffalo, Canine Caviar, Diamond, Harmony Farms, and Natural Balance are claimed by all five brands to be due to unauthorized inclusion of rice protein by American Nutrition, Inc. (ANI), their manufacturer. This adds a new potential source of contamination and distrust, namely non-compliant contract manufacturers, beyond the original problematic Chinese ingredient suppliers. Diamond and Natural Balance refer to this as a "manufacturing deviation" by ANI. Blue Buffalo and Harmony Farms characterize this as "product tampering" by ANI. Blue Buffalo has announced plans to change manufacturers while Canine Caviar and Natural Balance both announced that they will avoid future problems due to incorrect manufacturing by demanding more paperwork from their manufacturers.citeweb|url=http://www.naturalbalanceinc.com/
title=Natural Balance Inc. Breaking Voluntary Recall News: Thursday, April 26, 2007|accessdate=2007-04-28] ANI has issued a press release denying any deliberate or intentionally wrongful conduct. [ [http://www.pr.com/press-release/37367 American Nutrition, Inc. Responds to Criticism] ]

The FDA announces that of 750 samples of wheat gluten and products containing wheat gluten that 330 had tested positive for melamine contamination. Out of 85 samples of rice protein concentrate and products made with it, 27 were contaminated.

Humans eat animals fed contaminated food

April 28, 2007

The Chicago Tribune reports that, according to California state officials, approximately 45 state residents consumed pork from hogs that had been fed melamine-contaminated feed.cite news
first=Steven |last=Reinberg
title=Food safety worries mount
url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/chi-070428food-story,1,7734426.story?coll=chi-news-hed&ctrack=2&cset=true
publisher=Chicago Tribune
date=April 29 2007
accessdate=2007-04-28]

April 30, 2007

The FDA and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) issue a joint press release stating that contaminated feed was used at approximately 38 chicken farms in Indiana in early February and that and all fed broiler chickens have been processed. They state that the likelihood of human illness is very low.cite web
title=FDA and USDA Investigate Tainted Animal Feed
url=http://www.fda.gov/consumer/updates/taintedfeed043007.html
publisher=FDA
date=April 30 2007
accessdate=2007-05-02] cite web
title=Joint Update: FDA/USDA Trace Adulterated Animal Feed to Poultry
url=http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2007/NEW01621.html
publisher=USDA and FDA
date=April 30 2007
accessdate=2007-05-01]

May 1, 2007

The FDA and USDA acknowledge that millions of chickens fed contaminated feed had been eaten.cite news
title=Feds: Millions have eaten chickens fed tainted pet food
url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/HEALTH/05/02/pet.food.poultry/index.html
publisher=CNN
date=May 2 2007
accessdate=2007-05-02]

May 2, 2007

Menu Foods recalls additional pet food items made at the same plant as prior recalled items due to suspected cross-contamination.

May 3, 2007

Chinese authorities detained Mao Lijun, general manager of the Xuzhou Anying Biologic Technology Development, on unspecified charges. cite news |first=David |last=Barboza |title=China detains exporter of gluten |url=http://iht.com/articles/2007/05/03/business/food.php?page=1
publisher=New York Times |date=May 3 2007 |accessdate=2007-05-03]

The same day, SmartPak Canine executed a voluntary nationwide recall on two products that tested positive for melamine.

Dr. David Acheson, assistant FDA commissioner for food protection, states that the FDA has begun to investigate domestic food manufacturers who use protein products to ensure that no contaminated product is being used in foods intended for human use, noting that it has no evidence of this occurring, "but it's prudent to look."cite news
author=Associated Press
title=FDA Begins Investigating Food Makers
url=http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2007/05/03/ap3684658.html
publisher=Forbes
date=May 3 2007
accessdate=2007-05-03] cite web
title=FY 2007 Protein Surveillance Assignment—DFPG #07-20
url=http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/protsurv.html
publisher=FDA CFSAN/Office of Compliance
date=May 1 2007
accessdate=2007-05-09]

May 7, 2007

The USDA releases some swine and poultry from farms suspected of having received contaminated feed for processing based on no melamine being detected in feed samples using approved tests. No mention is made whether USDA conducted tests for melamine in animal tissue of animals released for processing A USDA spokesman was reported as saying 20 million chickens were included in this category of animals released for processing.cite news
author=Reuters
title=USDA clears 20 mln chickens that ate pet food
url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/healthNews/idUKN0734189520070507
publisher=Reuters
date=May 7 2007
accessdate=2007-05-07]

United States food safety officials issue joint risk assessment of very low risk to humans from eating pork or poultry from animals known to have consumed feed tainted with contaminated pet food scraps based on criteria predating current research on toxicity of melamine and cyanuric acid in combination."cite web
title=FDA/USDA Joint News Release: Scientists Conclude Very Low Risk to Humans from Food Containing Melamine
url=http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2007/NEW01629.html
publisher=USDA and FDA
date=May 7 2007
accessdate=2007-05-07]

May 8, 2007

Adulteration of animal feed with cyanuric acid in China is reported.cite news
first=David
last=Barboza
title=Second chemical eyed in Chinese pet food scandal
url=http://iht.com/articles/2007/05/08/business/petfood.php
publisher=New York Times
date=May 8 2007 |accessdate=2007-05-08]

It is also announced that melamine discovered in fish feed at hatcheriers that raise fish for human consumption.cite news
title= Fish meant for humans fed tainted food
url= http://www.cnn.com/2007/HEALTH/05/08/fish.food/index.html
publisher= CNN
date=May 8 2007
accessdate=2007-05-08]

May 9, 2007

Officials from the USDA and FDA testify in front of the United States House of Representatives Committee on Agriculture.cite news
url=http://www.avma.org/onlnews/javma/jun07/070615m.asp
title=Ongoing recall investigation unraveling the facts
author=Katie Burns and Susan Kahler
date=June 15, 2007
accessdate=2007-06-08
publisher=Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association]

May 11, 2007

Royal Canin issues an additional voluntary recall, recalling seventeen of their varieties in addition to those recalled on April 18 (at which time they stated that 'Effective immediately, Royal Canin USA does not source any of its vegetable proteins-including rice gluten-from China')cite web
url=http://www.royalcanin.us/recalled.html
title=List of Recalled Royal Canin Products
accessdate=2007-05-21]

May 14, 2007

Royal Canin announces an expansion of its existing recalls.cite web
url=http://www.royalcanin.us/
title=Dear Royal Canin USA Customer
accessdate=2007-05-14
date=April 19 2007] cite news
url=http://www.nationalledger.com/artman/publish/article_272613329.shtml
title=Pet Food Recall: Royal Canin Adds to Dry Cat & Dog Food Recall to List
first=Nancy
last=Streets
publisher=National Ledger
date=May 14 2007
accessdate=2007-05-14]

May 15, 2007

56,000 swine are cleared for processing without being tested for cyanuric acid after a revised risk assessment by the USDA and FDA still concluded that there is "very low" risk to humans from eating the contaminated meat.cite web
title=USDA Clears Swine for Processing
url=http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/!ut/p/_s.7_0_A/7_0_1OB?contentidonly=true&contentid=2007/05/0144.xml
date=May 15, 2007
accessdate=2007-05-15]

May 17, 2007

Chenango Valley Pet Foods expands its recall to foods that do not explicitly contain wheat gluten or rice protein, citing cross-contamination with those ingredients in the manufacturating process. For the first time, a non-cat or dog pet food is recalled since the list includes ferret food.cite web
url=http://www.fda.gov/oc/po/firmrecalls/chenango05_07.html
title=Chenango Valley Pet Foods Expands Voluntary Nationwide Recall of Certain Pet Foods
date=May 17, 2007
accessdate=2007-05-24]

May 18, 2007

Researchers at the USDA Bee Research Laboratory and the FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine begin investigating bee feed for the presence of melamine-related compounds as a possible cause of Colony Collapse Disorder – the unprecedented die-off of a quarter of the honeybees in the United States during 2006 that endangers the human food supply. Commercial bee feeds are protein-based, containing soy and yeast ingredients; however, no link has been found so far.cite news
url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/s_508326.html
title=Bee feed tested for pet food taints
date=May 18, 2007
publisher=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review
first=Karen
last=Roebuck
accessdate=2007-05-24]

In U.S. District Court, Judge Noel Hillman cautions Menu Foods and their insurance adjustor, Crawford and Co., to avoid contacting pet owners who had joined any of the lawsuits against Menu Foods because, legally, Menu can only contact plaintiffs through their lawyers.cite news
url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-05-28-menu_N.htm
title=Judge tells pet food reps to back off
date=May 28, 2007
publisher=USA Today
first=Elizabeth
last=Weise
accessdate=2007-06-09]

May 20, 2007

Menu Foods and Chenango Valley Pet Foods both announce that they are phasing out Chinese ingredients until they can be assured that they are safe. Other pet food manufacturers, including Nestlé Purina Petcare have started screening for melamine.cite web
url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2007-05-20-menufoods_N.htm
title=Chinese imports nixed by key firm
author=Julie Schmit and Elizabeth Weise
date=May 20, 2007
accessdate=2007-05-24]

May 21, 2007

After four dogs suffering kidney problems are brought to the same clinic in Visalia, California, they are found to have all eaten Nutra Nuggets brand food – a food not on the recall list. Melamine contamination is confirmed after a sample was sent to a laboratory at University of California at Davis.cite web
url=http://www.ksee24.com/Story.aspx?preview=&type=ln&NStoryID=6812
date=May 21, 2007
accessdate=2007-05-24
title=Dog owners warned about potentially contaminated food]

Human food tests positive for melamine

May 22, 2007

United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) officials announce that melamine was detected in catfish imported to Arkansas from Asia for human food. The fish were being investigated for antibiotics, which were not found. The DHHS stated that the levels detected did not pose a human health hazard.cite web
url=http://www.swtimes.com/articles/2007/05/23/news/news10.txt
publisher=Times Record
title=Tests Find No Traces of Antibiotics in Catfish
date=May 23, 2007
accessdate=2007-05-24]

May 23, 2007

Diamond Pet Foods recalls bags of Nutra Nuggets Lamb Meal and Rice formula dry dog food after they are found to be contaminated with melamine that Diamond attributes to cross contamination in the manufacturing process.cite web
url=http://www.nutranuggets.com/vet_notes/dogs/97/
title=Nutra Nuggets Recall Press Release
date=May 23, 2007
accessdate=2007-05-24]

U.S. District Court Judge Hillman orders Menu Foods to have no contact with plaintiffs unless their attorneys are involved in the discussion after lawyers from six firms representing pet owners claim that the company was directly contacting their clients. Hillman states that "It seems to me that Menu Food is out to do whatever Menu Foods wants to do in a way that could adversely impact the rights" of the plaintiffs.

May 25, 2007

Corn gluten from China tests positive for melamine and cyanuric acid and is intercepted by Canadian authorities.cite news
url=http://www.cbc.ca/consumer/story/2007/05/25/cfia-melamine.html
title=Food watchdog blocks melamine-tainted gluten from entering Canada
last=CBC News
date=May 25, 2007
publisher=CBC
accessdate=2007-11-23]

May 29, 2007

Zheng Xiaoyu, the head of the Chinese State Food and Drug Administration from its founding in 1998 until 2005 receives the death sentece for corruption. Zheng was convicted of taking bribes worth $844,000 – significantly less than the bribes taken by officials given lesser penalties in China.cite news
url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/IF06Ad03.html
publisher=Asia Times
first=Wu
last=Zhong
title=Killing a big chicken to scare the monkeys
date=June 6, 2007
accessdate=2007-06-05] Dozens of Chinese died due to the approval of untested medicines and falsely-labeled food during Zheng's tenure.cite news
url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-corrupt30may30,1,3891098.story
publisher=Los Angeles Times
first=Mark
last=Magnier
title=China's food and drug crackdown
date=May 30, 2007
accessdate=2007-06-05]

China also announces the creation of its first recall system for unsafe food products.

Melamine used by U.S. manufacturer as food binder

May 30, 2007

The FDA issues a press release stating that two US-based animal feed manufacturers had been adulterating livestock feed and fish/shrimp feed with melamine. Tembec BTLSR Inc. of Toledo, Ohio, manufactures feed ingredients AquaBond and Aqua-Tec II, adding melamine to improve the binding properties of pelleted food.cite web
title="Tembec and Uniscope Voluntary Recall Feed Ingredients, FDA Asks Feed Manufacturers to Avoid Ingredients Containing Melamine"
url=http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2007/NEW01643.html
publisher=FDA
date=May 30 2007}accessdate=2007-05-30]

May 31, 2007

Zeigler Bros., Inc. issues a voluntary recall of its shrimp feeds products that contain AquaBond.cite web
url=http://www.fda.gov/oc/po/firmrecalls/ziegler06_07.html
title=Zeigler Issues A Voluntary Recall on Pelleted and Crumbled Shrimp Feeds
date=May 31, 2007
accessdate=2007-06-05]

June 5, 2007

Sergeant’s Pet Care Products voluntarily recalled some production lots of Atlantis Goldfish Flake Food and Atlantis Tropical Fish Flake Food due to melamine being found in these specific products (approximately 20-80 parts per million). The fish food that is being recalled is for pet/ornamental fish and not used to feed fish intended for human consumption.cite web
url=http://www.sergeants.com/atlantisinfo/index.asp
title=Atlantis Fish Flake Food Voluntary Recall
date=June 5, 2007
accessdate=2007-06-05]

Acetaminophen investigated

June 6, 2007

The FDA launches and investigation after acetaminophen, best known under the brand-name Tylenol, is identified by ExperTox Inc., a laboratory in Texas, as a fifth contaminant present in many varieties of pet food.cite news
url=http://www.thebostonchannel.com/asseenon5/13451075/detail.html
title=FDA Probing Pain Killer in Pet Foods
date=June 6, 2007
accessdate=2007-06-07] cite news
title=FDA rules out painkiller as pet food contaminant
url=http://pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/rss/s_512295.html
date=June 13, 2007
accessdate=2007-06-13
first=Karen
last=Roebuck
publisher=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review] A single 500 mg tablet of acetaminophen is sufficient to kill an adult cat.cite web
url=http://www.aspca.org/aspcablog/2006/07/press-release-just-how-dangerous-is.html
title=Press Release: Just How Dangerous Is Acetaminophen To Pets?
date=July 10, 2006
accessdate=2007-06-07] The FDA does not identify which brands might be affected, however on June 13 website ConsumerAffairs.com reports that two of the samples were Pet Pride "Turkey and Giblets Dinner" and "Mixed Grill", both manufactured by Menu Foods.cite news
title=Menu Foods Samples Test Positive for Painkiller
url=http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2007/06/pet_food_recall57.html
date=June 13, 2006
accessdate=2007-06-15
publisher=ConsumerAffairs.com
first=Lisa
last=Wade McCormick]

June 7, 2007

The FDA announces that melamine-contaminated shrimp feed and feed ingredients made in the United States, may have been exported by Zeigler Bros. Inc. to thirteen countries -- Panama, Venezuela, Belize, Suriname, Costa Rica, Honduras, Ecuador, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Gambia, Lebanon and Canada. It is unclear whether the exported products actually reached their destinations or entered markets there.cite news
title=Safety Alert on U.S. Feed Export Turns the Tables
auhtor=Nicholas Zamiska and Lauren Etter
publiser=The Wall Street Journal
url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB118123796038927998.html?mod=googlenews_wsj
date=June 8, 2007
accessdate=2007-06-27]

China announces that three shimpments of raisins and health supplements form the United States were blocked because they "failed to meet the sanitary standards of China" after levels of bacteria and sulphur dioxide were found to be too high. The shipments were either destroyed or sent back. In April 2007 alone, the United States had rejected 257 food shipments from China.cite news
title=China blocks US shipments amid food safety row
publisher=Forbes
date=June 8, 2007
accessdate=2007-06-27
url=http://www.forbes.com/markets/feeds/afx/2007/06/08/afx3802063.html]

June 11, 2007

Menu Foods announces that a "significant customer" – later identified to be Procter & Gamble – has decided to end its contract for cuts-and-gravy products. The contract accounted for 11% of Menu Food's 2006 sales. Procter & Gamble continues to purchase solid canned food from Menu.cite news
title=Menu Foods hammered as customer walks
url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20070613.RMENU13/TPStory/Business
date=June 13, 2007
accessdate=2007-06-13
first=David
last=George-Cosh
publisher=The Globe and Mail]

June 12, 2007

The FDA announces that acetaminophen has not been found in five samples of cat food and two samples of dog food.FDA spokesman Mike Herndon says that, "At this point, FDA sees no compelling need to analyze any more samples for acetaminophen." A third, independent lab also did not detect acetaminophen. It is not clear whether the FDA checked samples of the same brands of food in which acetaminophen was allegedly found because the initial laboratory could not initiate contact with the FDA or publicly identify the manufacturer because of client confidentiality. Only if the FDA contacted the lab could information be shared, and the FDA did not do this until June 12.

June 13, 2007

Don Earl, a pet owner who links the death of his cat in January to consumption of Pet Pride cat food, reveals that he had paid ExperTox to analyze samples of the pet food. He alleges that the tests showed acetaminophen and cyanuric acid, but no melamine. The contaminated items were not subject to any recall.

Contaminated corn gluten and rice protein concentrate from China acknowledged to have been found in Europe

June 21, 2007

The Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General of the European Commission (EC) acknowledged that corn gluten contaminated with melamine and rice protein concentrate contaminated with melamine and analogues, both originating from China, had been intercepted in Poland and Greece, respectively.cite web
title=Summary Minutes of the Meeting of the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health
url=http://ec.europa.eu/food/committees/regulatory/scfcah/animalnutrition/summary07062007_en.pdf
date=June 21, 2007
accessdate=2007-11-25
format=PDF]

June 27, 2007

Chinese state media announces that 180 food factories have been closed for improperly using industrial chemicals and recycled or expired food. The director of the Chinese General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine's quality control and inspection department states that "These are not isolated cases." Most of the offending manufacturers were unlicensed food plants with fewer than 10 employees. It is estimated that three-fourths of China's one million food processing plants are small and privately-owned. In addition, the Chinese State Administration for Industry and Commerce states that it closed 152,000 unlicensed food manufacturers and retailers in 2006 for making fraudulent or low-quality products.cite news
title=China shuts 180 food factories for using formaldehyde, illegal dyes
url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/world/4923768.html
first=Audra
last=Ang
date=June 27, 2007
accessdate=2007-06-27
publisher=The Houston Chronicle]

On the same day, the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals announces that "fears of widespread contamination of pet food with acetaminophen are unfounded," confirming the results of FDA investigators. The ASPCA collaborated with toxicologists with the California Animal Health and Food Safety System at the University of California, Davis. They found no acetaminophen contamination in three cans of the same food that tested positive for acetaminophen at a Texas laboratory. Additionally, since the cat that had eaten the food suffered kidney, but not liver, failure, acetaminophen poisoning seems unlikely.cite pressrelease
title=ASPCA Believes Fear of Acetaminophen-contamination in Pet Food Unfounded
url=http://www.aspca.org/site/PageServer?pagename=press_062707
date=June 27, 2007
accessdate=2007-06-27]

Contaminated corn gluten from China pulled from market in Switzerland

June 28, 2007

Official feed controllers of the Swiss research institute Agroscope Liebefeld in Posieux (ALP) stated that corn gluten contaminated with melamine, cyanuric acid and urea had been imported into Switzerland from China.cite web
title=Swiss pull false corn gluten from market
url=http://www.allaboutfeed.net/news/id102-13607/swiss_pull_false_corn_gluten_from_market.html
date=June 28, 2007
accessdate=2007-11-21] cite web
title=Aliments pour animaux: gluten de maïs retiré du commerce
url=http://www.db-alp.admin.ch/fr/aktuell/medien_detail.php?id=204
date=June 26, 2007
publisher=Station de recherche Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux ALP
accessdate=2007-11-21]

U.S. Federal Indictments of two Chinese and one American company

February 6, 2008

Owners and executives of Xuzhou Anying Biologic Technology Development Company, Suzhou Textiles, Silk, Light Industrial Products, Arts and Crafts, and ChemNutra were indicted on charges of intentionally defrauding and misleading American manufacturers about poisonous ingredients used in pet food.cite news
first=Louise
last=Story
title=Pet Food Indictments for 3 Firms
url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/07/business/worldbusiness/07pet.html?_r=1&oref=slogin
date=February 7, 2008
publisher=New York Times
accessdate=2008-02-07]

See also

* 2007 Chinese export recalls

References

External links

* [http://www.oregonvma.org/news/recallnews.asp Oregon Veterinary Medical Association (OVMA) Pet Food Contamination Page] - News & developments updated regularly